When is uric acid elevated? If uric acid is too high, this is usually due to a congenital metabolic disorder. This is then called primary hyperuricemia. In other cases, the increase in uric acid levels has other triggers, for example other diseases (such as kidney dysfunction) or certain medications. This is called secondary hyperuricemia. Primary … Increased uric acid: what this means
Products Benzbromarone was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 2003 because of its hepatotoxicity. Desuric and other drugs are no longer available. It is still available in other countries. The withdrawal was not without controversy (Jansen, 2004). Structure and properties Benzobromarone (C17H12Br2O3, Mr = 424.1 g/mol) is a derivative of khellin. It exists … Benzbromarone
Products Filgrastim is commercially available as a solution for injection in vials and prefilled syringes (Neupogen, biosimilars). It has been approved in many countries since 1991. Structure and properties Filgrastim is a protein of 175 amino acids produced by biotechnology. The sequence corresponds to human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, Mr = 18,800 Da) with the … Filgrastim
Products Lesinurad was approved in the US in 2015, in the EU in 2016, and in many countries in 2017 in film-coated tablet form (Zurampic). A fixed-dose combination with allopurinol was released in the US in 2017 (Duzallo), in the EU in 2018, and in many countries in 2019. Structure and properties Lesinurad (C17H14BrN3O2S, Mr … Lesinurad
Products Pancreatin is commercially available in the form of capsules, dragées, and tablets (Combizym, Creon, Panzytrat). Structure and properties Pancreatin (pancreatic powder) is obtained from the fresh or frozen pancreas of mammals, such as pigs or cattle. The substance contains digestive enzymes with proteolytic, lipolytic and amylolytic activity. Pancreatin is a faint brown, amorphous powder … Pancreatin
Products Hydrochlorothiazide is commercially available in numerous antihypertensive agents in combination with ACE inhibitors, sartans, renin inhibitors, potassium-sparing diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers. Use as a monopreparation (Esidrex) is less common. Hydrochlorothiazide has been approved in many countries since 1958. Structure and properties Hydrochlorothiazide (C7H8ClN3O4S2, Mr = 297.7 g/mol) is a white crystalline … Hydrochlorothiazide
Symptoms Gout is an inflammatory disease of the joints that manifests acutely in attacks of severe pain that worsens with pressure, touch, and movement. The joints are swollen with inflammation, and the skin is red and warm. Fever is observed. Gout often begins in the lower extremities and at the metatarsophalangeal joint (podagra). Urat crystals … Gout Causes and Treatment
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MACD deficiency) represents a genetic metabolic disorder in which medium-chain fatty acids are insufficiently broken down. Under certain conditions, it can lead to dangerous metabolic derailments, which may be fatal. If therapy is started early, the disease can be well controlled. What is medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency? In medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase … Medium-chain acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Allopurinol has proven effective for the treatment and prophylaxis of elevated uric acid levels and their sequelae. The well-tolerated drug has long been part of standard treatment. What is allopurinol? Allopurinol is a urostatic agent used to treat hyperuricemia and chronic gout. Allopurinol is a urostatic agent used to treat hyperuricemia and chronic gout. It … Allopurinol: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Cisplatin is available as an infusion concentrate. Several generic products are available in many countries. Platinol is out of commerce. Structure and properties Cisplatin (PtCl2(NH3)2, Mr = 300.1 g/mol) or -diammine dichloroplatinum(II) exists as a yellow powder or as orange-yellow crystals and is sparingly soluble in water. It is an inorganic heavy metal complex … Cisplatin
Complaints and symptoms Symptoms of acute attacks of goutThe first attack of gout usually manifests itself at night as a sudden (highly acute), very painful attack of the joints (arthritis). In the majority of cases, only one joint is affected at first (monarthritis), in 50% of cases it is the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big … Symptoms of gout
Diagnosis Gout is usually diagnosed on the basis of the physical appearance (clinical appearance) that is characteristic of the disease. Thus, according to the German Rheumatological Society, the diagnosis is considered probable if: as confirmed, if: If a disturbance of the uric acid metabolism and symptoms of acute gout are suspected, laboratory medical examinations are … Diagnosis | Symptoms of gout