Products Distigmine bromide was commercially available in many countries in tablet form (Ubretide). It had been approved since 1973. Distribution was discontinued in 2020. Structure and properties Distigmine bromide (C22H32Br2N4O4, Mr = 576.3 g/mol) is a carbamic acid derivative. Effects Distigmine bromide (ATC N07AA03) has indirect parasympathomimetic (cholinergic) properties. The effects are due to reversible … Distigmine Bromide
Products Parasympatholytics are commercially available, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, solutions, as inhalation preparations, injection solutions, and eye drops. This article refers to antagonists at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Antagonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, such as ganglion blockers, are discussed separately. Structure and properties Many parasympatholytics are structurally derived from atropine, a natural … Parasympatholytics
Products Parasympathomimetics are commercially available in the form of tablets, capsules, solutions, transdermal patches, injectable solutions, and eye drops, among others. Structure and properties Many parasympathomimetics are structurally related to the natural ligand acetylcholine. Effects Parasympathomimetics have cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) properties. They promote the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system, a portion of the autonomic nervous … Parasympathomimetics
Products Bethanechol chloride is commercially available in tablet form (Myocholine-Glenwood). It has been approved in many countries since 1977. Structure and properties Bethanechol chloride (C7H17ClN2O2, Mr = 196.67 g/mol) is structurally closely related to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Effects Bethanechol chloride (ATC N07AB02) has parasympathomimetic (cholinergic) properties. It is an agonist at acetylcholine receptors. Bethanechol chloride … Bethanechol Chloride
Products Pilocarpine has been commercially available in many countries since 2004 in the form of film-coated tablets (Salagen). See also under pilocaprine eye drops. Structure and properties Pilocarpine (C11H16N2O2, 208.26 g/mol) is present in the drops as pilocarpine hydrochloride, a white powder or colorless crystals that are very soluble in water. Pilocarpine is an alkaloid … Pilocarpine Tablets
Products Acetylcholine is commercially available as an intraocular injection solution (Miochol). It has been approved in many countries since 1998. Structure and properties Acetylcholine (C7H16NO2+, Mr = 146.2 g/mol) Effects Acetylcholine (ATC S01EB09) has parasympathomimetic and miotic properties. Mechanism of action Binding to nicotinic (sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion cells and motor endplates) and muscarinic (parasympathetic … Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter
Symptoms Possible symptoms associated with dry nasal mucosa include crusting, the formation of mucus with a high viscosity, nosebleeds, rhinitis, disorders of the sense of smell, inflammation, and obstruction, i.e., restricted nasal breathing. Itching and mild burning may also occur, according to the literature. The stuffy nose is very uncomfortable, especially at night, and can … Dry Nose
Products Hydroxyzine is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and as a syrup (Atarax). It has been approved in many countries since 1956. Structure and properties Hydroxyzine (C21H27ClN2O2, Mr = 374.9 g/mol) is a piperazine derivative. It is present in drugs as hydroxyzine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in … Hydroxyzine
Products Pyridostigmine is commercially available in tablet form (Mestinon, -retard). It has been approved in many countries since 1953. Structure and properties Pyridostigmine (C9H13N2O2, Mr = 181.2 g/mol) is present in drugs as pyridostigmine bromide, a white, crystalline, deliquescent powder that is very soluble in water. Effects Pyridostigmine (ATC N07AA02) is a cholinesterase inhibitor. It … Pyridostigmine
Products Atropine is commercially available in the form of eye drops, drops, and as a solution for injection. It has been approved in many countries since 1987. Medicinal plants containing atropine have been used medicinally for much longer. Structure and properties Atropine (C17H23NO3, Mr = 289.4 g/mol) is a tertiary amine and belongs to the … Atropine
Products Galantamine is commercially available in the form of sustained-release capsules (Reminyl, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Generics entered the market in 2014. Structure and properties Galantamine (C17H21NO3, Mr = 287.4 g/mol) is an alkaloid found in the Caucasian snowdrop, among other species, and is now produced synthetically. In pharmaceuticals, … Galantamine
Products Rocuronium bromide is commercially available as a solution for injection (esmeron, generic). It was approved in the United States in 1994 and in many countries in 1995. Structure and properties Rocuronium bromide (C32H53BrN2O4, Mr = 609.7 g/mol) exists as a nearly white to pale yellow, slightly hygroscopic powder that is readily soluble in water. … Rocuronium Bromide
