In 1955, American physician Henry Beecher published observations he had made on U.S. soldiers during World War II in his book “The Powerful Placebo.” To relieve pain in these, he administered morphine. When he ran out, he replaced it with weak saline, with the effect that the “ineffective” substance relieved the pain of many soldiers. … What is a Placebo?
Definition and properties Tablets are solid dosage forms containing one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (exception: placebos). They are intended to be taken by mouth. Tablets may be swallowed unchewed or chewed, dissolved in water or allowed to disintegrate before use, or retained in the oral cavity, depending on the galenic form. The Latin term … Tablets
Products Analgesics are available in numerous dosage forms. These include, for example, tablets, effervescent tablets, powders, granules, suppositories, syrups, transdermal patches, and injectables. One of the oldest painkillers is opium, which is obtained from the incised, immature capsules of the opium poppy. It has been used medicinally for thousands of years. The first synthetic analgesics, … Painkiller
In Europe, about two-thirds of the population suffer from pain at least once a week. Particularly affected: Patients with chronic, i.e. permanent, pain. Here, pain is considered and treated as a disease in its own right instead of a symptom of a disease. A major role was played in several symposia by the realization in … Chronic Pain: the Pain Memory
Researchers like Prof. Zieglgänsberger are investigating whether pain memory can also be erased. The body should learn to forget. The body’s own systems are a key to this, such as “endocannabinoids,” which are marijuana-like substances produced by the brain. Researchers are working intensively on how to promote these processes. Researchers abroad are also working on … Chronic Pain: the Body’s Own Painkillers and Placebos
The classical pain therapy still works with medication. Before successful therapy, an accurate diagnosis must be made. The patient must be thoroughly examined, but most importantly, the pain must be attributed to the original trigger – this may go back years. The doctor determines whether the pain has a physical cause, for example a tumor, … Chronic Pain: Pain Management
In the context of pain memory, the research of Mannheim scientists led by PD Dr. Dieter Kleinböhl and Prof. Dr. Rupert Hölzl is significant: in one experiment, the pain sensitivity of healthy study participants could be significantly increased without them being aware of it. Conversely, sensitivity could be lowered in the same way, depending on … Chronic Pain: Pain Perception
