Products Many pharmaceuticals, cosmetics (personal care products), medical devices, and foods (e.g., milk, mayonnaise) are emulsions. Structure and properties Emulsions are liquid or semi-solid preparations for external or internal use. They are dispersed systems (dispersions) in which two or more liquid or semisolid phases are combined by emulsifiers, resulting in a mixture that is heterogeneous … Emulsions
Products Emser salt is commercially available as a powder, in the form of lozenges, as a throat spray, nasal drops, as a nasal spray and nasal ointment, among others. These are approved medicinal products and medical devices. The salt has been registered in many countries since 1934. Ems salt comes from a hot thermal spring … Ems Salt
Products Preservatives can be found in liquid, semi-solid and solid pharmaceuticals. They are also used for food and cosmetics. Structure and properties Preservatives belong to various chemical groups. These include, for example: Acids and their salts Benzoic acid derivatives, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Quaternary ammonium compounds Alcohols Phenols Preservatives can be of natural and synthetic origin. … Preservative
Products Some drugs are commercially available as mouthwashes. A selection of the active ingredients they contain is listed below: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea, mallow. Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Structure and properties Mouthwashes are liquid dosage forms for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients into the mouth and throat. They … Mouthwashes
Products Mouth sprays are commercially available as drugs, medical devices, and dietary supplements. Listed below are some active ingredients that are administered with an oral spray: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea. Gel former: celluloses Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Nitrates: isosorbide dinitrate Weaning agents: nicotine Cannabinoids: cannabidiol (CBD), cannabis extract. Mouth … Mouth Sprays
Products Sodium metabisulfite is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals, especially in epinephrine injection solutions. Structure and properties Sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5, Mr = 190.1 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder or as colorless crystals and is readily soluble in water. It is the disodium salt of the dysulfurous acid. Fields of application As an … Sodium Metabisulfite
Products Alcohol is contained in numerous intoxicating and stimulant products, such as wines, sparkling wines, beers and high-proof spirits. Per capita consumption in many countries averages about 8 liters of pure alcohol per year. Ethanol is also available as an open product in various qualities in pharmacies and drugstores (e.g. ethanol 70% with camphor, ethanol … Ethanol
Products Nasal sprays are very widely used and there are many different products on the market, which are approved drugs or medical devices (see below). Nasal sprays are also manufactured in pharmacies. Structure and properties Nasal sprays are solutions, emulsions, or suspensions intended for spraying into the nasal cavities. They may contain one or more … Nasal Sprays
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials
Most personal care products have a long shelf life when stored properly. Cosmetics that have a shelf life of less than 30 months must be marked with a best before date. However, this no longer applies once the product has been opened. For this reason, all cosmetics have been labeled with a new symbol, an … Shelf Life and Storage of Cosmetics
Products Parabens are found in numerous pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods, among other products, as excipients or food additives. Structure and properties Parabens are ester derivatives of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (= para-hydroxybenzoic acid). They exist as white, odorless and tasteless powders and are sparingly soluble in water. Water solubility decreases with the length of the side chain. … Parabens
Products Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (methylparaben) is present in many drugs as an excipient, especially in liquid and semisolid dosage forms. Structure and properties Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (C8H8O3, Mr = 152.1 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water (about 1.8 g per liter at 20°C). The melting point is about 125°C. … Methyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate
