How valproic acid works Valproic acid interferes with neuronal events at various points in brain metabolism. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and T-type calcium channels. In addition, it increases the concentration of the nerve messenger gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by inhibiting its degrading enzymes. Glutamic acid, for example, is an excitatory neurotransmitter, while GABA is an … Valproic Acid: Effect, Side Effects
Products Valproic acid is commercially available as tablets, mini-tablets (minipacks), capsules, injectable, syrup, and solution (Depakine, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1972. Structure and properties Valproic acid (C8H16O2, Mr = 144.2 g/mol) or 2-propylpentanoic acid is a colorless to slightly yellowish, clear, and slightly viscous liquid that is very slightly soluble … Valproic Acid: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Valproic acid is a non-naturally occurring carboxylic acid. It was first synthesized in 1881 and is used as an antiepileptic. It should not be used in pregnant or breastfeeding women. What is valproic acid? Valproic acid is a non-naturally occurring carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that have one or more carboxy groups (-COOH). … Valproic Acid: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Clonazepam is commercially available as tablets, injectable solution, and oral drops (Rivotril). It has been approved in many countries since 1973. In the United States, it is marketed as Klonopin. Structure and properties Clonazepam (C15H10ClN3O3, Mr = 315.7 g/mol) exists as a faint yellowish crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is … Clonazepam
Products Isoniazid is commercially available in tablet form (eg, Isoniazid Labatec, combination products). Structure and properties Isoniazid (C6H7N3O, Mr = 137.1 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder or colorless crystals and is readily soluble in water. It is also known as isonicotinylhydrazine (INH). Effects Isoniazid (ATC J04AC01) has bacteriostatic to bactericidal properties against . … Isoniazid
Products Antiepileptic drugs are commercially available in the form of tablets, dispersible tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, syrups, as nasal sprays, enemas, and as injectables, among others. Structure and properties The antiepileptic drugs are structurally heterogeneous agents. Within the class, several groups can be identified (see below). Effects The agents have antiepileptic, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant … Antiepileptic Drugs
Products Meropenem is commercially available as a powder for solution for injection/infusion (Meronem, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. The antibiotic is also combined with the beta-lactamase inhibitor vaborbactam. Structure and properties Meropenem (C17H25N3O5S, Mr = 383.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as meropenem trihydrate, a white to slightly yellowish crystalline … Meropenem
Products Mesuximide is commercially available in the form of capsules (Petinutin). It has been approved in many countries since 1963. Structure and properties Mesuximide (C12H13NO2, Mr = 203.2 g/mol) belongs to the succinimides and exists as a racemate. The active metabolite -demethylmesuximide, with a long half-life of over 30 hours, is also involved in the … Mesuximide
Products Temozolomide is commercially available as capsules and as a powder for the preparation of an infusion solution (Temodal, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1999. Structure and properties Temozolomide (C6H6N6O2, Mr = 194.2 g/mol) is an imidazotetrazine derivative. It is a prodrug that is biotransformed by hydrolysis to the active metabolite … Temozolomide
Symptoms In enuresis nocturna, a child older than 5 years empties the bladder repeatedly at night without an organic or medical cause. It does not wake up when the bladder is full and therefore cannot go to the toilet. During the day, on the other hand, everything works normally. The problem is slightly more common … Bedwetting (Enuresis Nocturna)
Products Phenobarbital is commercially available in tablet form and as a solution for injection (aphenylbarbit, phenobarbital Bichsel). It was approved in many countries in 1944. Luminal has been off the market in many countries since late August 2011. Barbexaclone (maliasin), a fixed combination of phenobarbital and L-propylhexedrine, is also no longer available. Structure and properties … Phenobarbital
Structure and properties Doripenem (C15H24N4O6S2, Mr = 420.5 g/mol) exists as doripenem monohydrate, a white to slightly yellow crystalline powder. It bears a 1-β-methyl group that protects it from degradation by dehydropeptidase I. Effects Doripenem (ATC J01DH04) is bactericidal against numerous aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Its effects are based on inhibition of … Doripenem
