The following are the major diseases or complications that may be contributed to by hepatic encephalopathy (HE): Liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract – Pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Coma hepaticum (hepatic coma). Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99) Delirium (acute confusion) Cerebral edema (swelling of the brain)
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism). Food intolerances such as lactose intolerance, fructose intolerance. Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Malaria – tropical disease transmitted by mosquitoes. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis / pseudomembranous colitis – inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, which usually occurs after taking antibiotics; the cause is an overgrowth of the intestine with the … Gastroenteritis: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are differential diagnoses separated into primary and secondary amenorrhea, respectively. Primary amenorrhea Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99). Laurence-Moon-Biedl-Bardet syndrome (LMBBS) – rare genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance; differentiated by clinical symptoms into: Laurence-Moon syndrome (without polydactyly, i.e., without the appearance of supernumerary fingers or toes, and obesity, but with paraplegia … Amenorrhea: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99). Pruritus (itching) of other origin. Liver, gallbladder, and biliary tract-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Bacterial cholangitis IgG4-associated cholangitis – IgG4 in serum is elevated and IgG4-positive cells are detectable in bile duct cytology; this disease responds to immunosuppressive therapy, such as corticosteroids Intra- or extrahepatic (occurring outside and inside the liver) cholestasis … Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of pericarditis (inflammation of the heart sac). Family history Is there a history of frequent cardiovascular disease in your family? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Are you experiencing pain? If yes, when does the pain occur? Where is … Pericarditis: Medical History
Resuscitation (resuscitation) First aid for cardiac arrest, ie, attempt of resuscitation by the first responder before the arrival of emergency physicians has a major impact on the chance of survival. According to one study, patients with attempted resuscitation by first responders were still alive after 30 days in 10.5% of cases, whereas patients without attempted … Respiratory Arrest (Apnea): Therapy
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. X-ray of the chest (X-ray thorax/chest), in two planes – to exclude tuberculosis or sarcoidosis. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen (abdominal CT) – for further diagnosis if a … Skin Redness (Erythema): Diagnostic Tests
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate erythema (areal redness of the skin): Areal redness of the skin, which may be localized or generalized Warning signs (Red flags) Anamnestic information: Forest workers, farmers; vacation in forest areas → think of: Erythema migrans (Lyme disease, Lyme disease). Drug intake → think of: toxic erythema. Occur alongside … Skin Redness (Erythema): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye). Auscultation (listening) of the heart [cardiac arrhythmia]. Auscultation of the lungs Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, knocking … Metabolic Alkalosis: Examination
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by desiccation eczema (dehydration eczema): Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99). Chronification of eczema Scratch lesions Infections of the scratched skin areas with bacteria, viruses or fungi.
Peripheral arterial disease (pAVD) can be classified according to Fontaine as follows: Stage Symptoms I Asymptomatic IIa Complaint-free walking distance > 200 m IIb Complaint-free walking distance < 200 m IIc Lesions (injuries) without the presence of critical ischemia (reduced blood flow) III Ischemic pain at rest IV Trophic (nutritional) lesions such as necrosis (dead … Peripheral Artery Disease: Classification
General measures Nicotine restriction (refraining from tobacco use). Limited alcohol consumption (men: max. 25 g alcohol per day; women: max. 12 g alcohol per day). Aim for normal weight! Determination of BMI (body mass index, body mass index) or body composition by means of electrical impedance analysis and, if necessary, participation in a medically supervised … Hyperhomocysteinemia: Therapy
