Hiccups Singultus

Hiccups (Singultus): Therapy

General measures Breathing maneuvers Stopping breathing Valsalva squeeze attempt (synonym: Valsalva maneuver): forced exhalation against the closed mouth and nasal opening while simultaneously using the abdominal squeeze [only under medical supervision!]Alternatively: blowing so hard into a 10 ml syringe that the plunger begins to move. Hyperventilation (increased breathing that goes beyond the need). Rebreathing into … Hiccups (Singultus): Therapy

Hiccups (Singultus): Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hiccups (singultus). Family history What is the general health of your relatives? Social history Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to your family situation? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have you had hiccups* for more … Hiccups (Singultus): Medical History

Hiccups (Singultus): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Respiratory System (J00-J99) Pneumonia (pneumonia) Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Diabetes mellitus Hyponatremia (sodium deficiency) Hypokalemia (potassium deficiency) Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Cerebral infarction (ischemic infarction) Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Neurosyphilis – late form of syphilis leading to brain changes. Syphilis (venereal disease) Liver, gallbladder and bile ducts … Hiccups (Singultus): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Hiccups (Singultus): Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye). Oral cavity Pharynx (throat) Abdomen (abdomen) Shape of the abdomen? Skin color? Skin texture? Efflorescences (skin … Hiccups (Singultus): Examination

Hiccups (Singultus): Test and Diagnosis

The following diagnostics are required only in persistent singultus (persistent hiccups)! Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Amylase (in serum), lipase – if pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) is suspected [acute pancreatitis: ≥ 3-fold of the upper … Hiccups (Singultus): Test and Diagnosis

Hiccups (Singultus): Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target Termination of persistent singultus (persistent hiccups). Therapy recommendations As far as there is a triggering disease, its therapy is in the foreground. Treatment of persistent singultus: Muscle relaxants (e.g., baclofen) in combination with gabapentin (epileptic). Prokinetics (drugs that stimulate peristalsis of the upper digestive tract and promote gastric emptying: e.g., metoclopramide) Neuroleptics (haloperidol) … Hiccups (Singultus): Drug Therapy

Hiccups (Singultus): Diagnostic Tests

The following diagnostics are only required for persistent singultus (persistent hiccups)! Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen/abdominal cavity – sectional imaging procedure (X-ray images from different directions with computer-based evaluation, particularly well suited for the depiction of bony injuries). Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (ÖGD; mirroring of esophagus, stomach and duodenum) – for suspected reflux … Hiccups (Singultus): Diagnostic Tests