Introduction The stages are classified according to several different criteria. The higher the stage, the worse the kidney function is and the higher the risk of dying from the disease. Furthermore, the therapy is based on the stage classification. As a rule, the classification is based on the glomerular filtration rate. In addition, albuminuria is … Stages of renal insufficiency
Causes An inflammation of the adrenal glands with the consequence of adrenal insufficiency is caused by an immune reaction in which antibodies are formed in a hitherto unexplained way, which attack the adrenal cortex and destroy it. Normally, antibodies are formed to eliminate harmful pathogens that can infect the body. The production of antibodies that … Causes | Adrenal Inflammation
Diagnosis The typical symptoms of adrenal insufficiency can usually be recognized by any doctor by means of a gaze diagnosis. However, since the insufficiency can be triggered by various causes, and since an inflammation is not always responsible for the symptoms, comprehensive diagnostics are usually performed. By injecting a certain substance that stimulates the adrenal … Diagnosis | Adrenal Inflammation
In healthy people, the adrenal gland is paired and assumes some important functions. It can be divided into an adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla is responsible for the production of adrenalin and noradrenalin. The adrenal cortex produces a number of important messenger substances for the body. There are various diseases of … Adrenal Inflammation
Simple kidney cysts are usually harmless and do not cause any symptoms to a person affected. That is why most of them go unnoticed for a lifetime. If they are noticeable, it is usually as a chance finding in an ultrasound scan that was made for other reasons. Pain In very rare cases, when the … Renal cyst symptoms
What is a dialysis shunt? Our kidney serves as the detoxification organ of the body. When the kidneys fail to function properly, such as kidney failure, substances such as urea cannot be washed out of the blood sufficiently and poisoning can occur. In order to prevent this, a blood wash (dialysis) is performed. The dialysis … Dialysis shunt
Procedure Before the operation, the patient is informed about the course of the operation and the risks involved. If the patient agrees to the operation, the procedure can be performed. The surgery is performed under local or regional anesthesia. In rare cases, it can also be performed under general anesthesia. The whole procedure takes about … Procedure | Dialysis shunt
What are the alternatives? In addition to the dialysis shunt, there are also alternative dialysis accesses. One possibility is the dialysis catheter. This is a centrally located venous catheter, such as a Shaldon catheter, which is placed in the neck or shoulder area. This catheter also enables dialysis.Due to the higher risk of infection and … What are the alternatives? | Dialysis shunt
Bleeding at the shunt Incorrect puncture of the dialysis shunt can lead to bleeding. However, these bleedings are usually small and have no further consequences for the patient. As a result, a haematoma can develop. If the bleeding is greater than expected, surgery may be necessary in rare cases to ensure the shunt functions properly … Bleeding at the shunt | Dialysis shunt
Classification of renal cysts If a kidney cyst occurs individually, it is usually harmless, causes no discomfort to the affected person and therefore does not need to be treated. One divides kidney cysts into different types according to Bosniak, on the basis of which the indication for a treatment can be placed. In the case … Treatment of a renal cyst
Marsupialization in renal systems A renal cyst marsupialization is performed laparoscopically, i.e. minimally invasive. However, it is rarely used nowadays. The aim is to expose the cyst. This is achieved by opening the cyst and suturing the edges to the surrounding tissue. Medicines for kidney cysts Renal cysts usually do not require drug therapy. In … Marsupialization in renal systems | Treatment of a renal cyst
Guidelines Pain that is acutely caused by kidney stones (so-called “colic”) requires direct drug therapy. Depending on the assessment of the pain, which can be done with the so-called pain scale, different medications are used according to the so-called step-by-step scheme. It is also possible to treat with certain medications during pregnancy. It is also … Therapy of kidney stones
