Primary prevention For primary prevention of breast carcinoma, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Familial breast and ovarian cancer (ovarian cancer). Women with a high risk of developing breast carcinoma have: Mutations in the BRCA1-, BRCA2- RAD 51 C-, and D- genes (the latter are not routinely determined), Women at >20% risk … Breast Cancer (Mammary Carcinoma): Prevention
Radiotherapy (radiatio; radiation therapy) is used adjuvantly to surgical and drug therapy. Ionizing radiation is used to cause maximum damage to tumor tissue while sparing healthy tissue. Radiation therapy destroys any tumor cells that may remain in the body after surgery. Radiation therapy thus reduces the risk of tumor recurrence and tumor mortality. Adjuvant (“supportive”) … Breast Cancer (Mammary Carcinoma): Radiotherapy
Premalignant changes (preinvasive neoplasms) Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), lobular neoplasia (LIN) (formerly: atypical lobular hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ = LCIS). They usually do not cause symptoms and are often discovered during mammography (usually microcalcifications). Rarely are: Pain in the breast A palpable tumor or A bloody secretion from the nipple (hemorrhagic galactorrhea). … Breast Cancer (Mammary Carcinoma): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Local recurrence means a recurrence of the tumor: In the same mamma (breast) resp. In the same-sided thoracic wall (chest wall) including the overlying skin, respectively. In the regional lymph nodes of the axilla, the region around the clavicle or along the arteria mammaria interna vessels. Note: In local recurrence, for example, in addition to … Breast Cancer (Mammary Carcinoma): Therapy of Local Recurrence
General: Cure is the exception for distant metastases (daughter tumors that form near the primary tumor). Therapeutic Objective Achieve: As high a quality of life as possible Freedom from pain and symptoms Therapy Adjusts according to The individual wishes of the patient The type of metastases The symptoms The age The concomitant diseases The hormone … Breast Cancer (Mammary Carcinoma): Therapy of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma
Pathogenesis (disease development) It is not exactly clear which causes are responsible for the development of breast carcinoma. In most cases, the disease occurs spontaneously.Even more than for the familial forms of breast carcinoma, genetic defects are responsible for the spontaneous development of this carcinoma. In 40 percent of patients with breast carcinoma, a p53 … Breast Cancer (Mammary Carcinoma): Causes
Cellulite – colloquially called orange peel skin – (synonyms: Dermopanniculosis deformans; erroneously also: cellulitis; ICD-10-GM L98.8: Other specified diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue) is an alteration of the subcutaneous fatty tissue in the thigh and buttock area, but also in the arms of women. It is characterized by a dimple-like, uneven skin texture. … Orange Peel Skin (Cellulite)
Mandatory Medical Device Diagnostics. Sonography (ultrasonography) of the pelvis (vaginal/through the vagina, abdominal/through the abdominal wall, both if necessary) Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination and obligatory laboratory parameters – for differential diagnostic clarification. Doppler sonography (ultrasound examination that can dynamically visualize fluid flows (especially blood flow)). … Ovarian Cysts and Benign Overay Neoplasms: Diagnostic Tests
Uncomplicated cysts Procedure before the onset of menopause: Diameter of the cyst is <5 cm: Postmenstrual control (after menstruation) of the cyst by sonography (ultrasound). In case of persistence (persistence): sonography every 4 weeks. After three months of persistence: surgery with histological clarification. Diameter of the cyst is > 5 cm: Postmenstrual control of the … Ovarian Cysts and Benign Overay Neoplasms: Operative Therapy
Prevention of ovarian cysts and other benign neoplasms of the ovary is very limited (exceptions: functional cysts, hyperstimulation syndrome, see below) because there are no known risk factors. Familial burden There are no systematic studies of familial burden in benign (benign) changes of the ovary. However, it is known that families with genetic breast carcinomas … Ovarian Cysts and Benign Overay Neoplasms: Prevention
Symptoms and complaints of ovarian cysts and benign neoplasms of the ovary (ovary) are uncommon, often atypical, and nonspecific, especially depending on the size of the tumor. It is estimated that > 50% of findings are found during routine examinations or only by ultrasound. The following symptoms and complaints may indicate ovarian cysts and other … Ovarian Cysts and Benign Overay Neoplasms: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (disease development) The pathogenesis of most benign (benign) neoplasms of the ovary is unknown. Some exceptions are: Functional cysts (retention cysts): Endometriosis cysts (chocolate cysts,tar cysts): the pathogenesis is unclear. There are currently several theories: Immunological theory – this theory describes a possible immunodeficiency of affected women. Metaplasia theory – this theory assumes that … Ovarian Cysts and Benign Overay Neoplasms: Causes
