A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:
- General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore:
- Inspection (viewing).
- Skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye) [leading symptom: night sweats].
- Abdomen (abdomen)
- Shape of the abdomen?
- Skin color? Skin texture?
- Efflorescences (skin changes)?
- Pulsations? Bowel movements?
- Visible vessels?
- Scars? Hernias (fractures)?
- Inspection and palpation (palpation) of the lymph node stations (cervical, axillary, supraclavicular, inguinal).
- Inspection and palpation of the spine [leading symptom: bone pain and musculoskeletal pain, especially in the back; increasing with movement].
- Inspection of extremities [leading symptom: bone pain and musculoskeletal pain, especially in the back; increasing with movement]
- Auscultation (listening) of the heart.
- Auscultation of the lungs [accompanying symptom: exertional dyspnea (shortness of breath on exertion)]
- Palpation of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, defensive tension?, hernial orifices?, kidney bearing knocking pain?)
- Inspection (viewing).
- If necessary, neurological examination [concomitant symptoms or possible sequelae:
- Cephalgia (headache)
- Polyneuropathy (nerve damage affecting multiple nerves)]
[due todifferential diagnosis: cephalgia (headache)]
- If necessary, orthopedic examination [concomitant symptoms or possible sequelae: pathological fractures (bone fracture during normal stress due to a weakening of the bone by a disease)] [due todifferential diagnoses:
- Fractures (bone fractures) of all types.
- Osteoporosis (bone loss)
- Rheumatism or rheumatic diseases]
- If necessary, urological / nephrological examination [concomitant symptom or possible sequelae: nephrotic syndrome – collective term for symptoms that occur in various diseases of the glomerulus (renal corpuscles); proteinuria (increased excretion of protein in the urine) with a protein loss of more than 1 g/m² KOF/d; hypoproteinemia, peripheral edema due to hypalbuminemia of < 2.5 g/dl in serum; hyperliporpoteinemia (lipid metabolism disorder)] [due todifferential diagnosis: renal disease]
- Health check (as an additional follow-up measure).
Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathological (pathological) physical findings.