Respiratory System (J00-J99)
- Allergic rhinitis (hay fever).
- Common cold (common cold)
- Endocrine rhinitis – for example, during hormonal changes in pregnancy or when taking hormonal drugs during menopause.
- Hyperreflective rhinitis – triggered by disturbed function of the autonomic nervous system.
- Idiopathic rhinitis – rhinitis with unknown cause.
- Upper respiratory tract infection
- Polyps – mucosal growths of the nasopharynx.
- Postinfectious rhinitis – after viral or bacterial infections.
- Rhinitis atrophicans – inflammation due to the destruction of the mucosa after surgery or injury.
- Rhinitis in rhinoliths – rhinitis in nasal stones.
- Rhinitis medicamentosa – see under medications.
- Rhinitis sicca anterior – inflammation in the anterior portion of the nose.
- Serous rhinorrhea of the elderly
- Toxic-irritant rhinitis – triggered by chemicals such as chlorine or cigarette smoke.
- Nonspecific granulomatous rhinitis – rhinitis with nodules due to inflammation.
- Sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses).
Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).
- Sarcoidosis (synonyms: Boeck’s disease; Schaumann-Besnier’s disease) – systemic disease of connective tissue with granuloma formation (skin, lungs, and lymph nodes).
Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99).
- Impetigo (pustular lichen, moist grind).
- Syphilis (lues) – sexually transmitted infectious disease.
- Tropical diseases – such as leprosy or leishmaniasis.
- Tuberculosis (consumption)
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Herpes simplex (→ infected nasal mucosal lesions).
- Infection with the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Malignant neoplasms of the nose, unspecified (e.g., rhinitis associated with tumors of the nasal cavity).
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Cluster headache – trigeminal autonomic headache; pain occurs in attacks and is unilateral and severe; usually localized behind the eye
- Cocaine abuse (cocaine addiction).
Injuries, poisonings, and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Barotrauma – condition occurring primarily in divers due to rapid changes in air pressure.
- Chemical irritation caused by smoke or exhaust fumes.
- Head injuries with rhinoliquorroe (cerebrospinal rhinorrhea) – CSF (nerve fluid) discharge from the nose (e.g., cerebrospinal fluid fistula)
Other causes
- Foreign body (in infants/children).
- Gustatory rhinorrhea – occurrence of a watery runny nose after eating.
Medication
- Rhinitis medicamentosa – triggered by medications or active ingredients such as:
- Antihypertensives (e.g., captopril, enalapril).
- Antihistamines (eg, cetirizine).
- Alpha blockers (stimulation of α-receptors leading to vasoconstriction (vasoconstriction)).
- Decongestant nasal sprays or drops (α-sympathomimetics e.g. xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, naphazoline or phenylephrine).
- Calcium antagonists (calcium channel blockers).
- Psychotropic drugs (e.g., amitryptiline)
- Sympathomimetics (agents exist that act preferentially at α-receptors, at β-receptors, or at both types of receptors; those that also stimulate β-receptors induce vasodilation (vasodilatation)).
Environmental stresses – intoxications (poisonings).
- Chemical irritation caused by smoke or exhaust fumes.
