Products Alcohol is contained in numerous intoxicating and stimulant products, such as wines, sparkling wines, beers and high-proof spirits. Per capita consumption in many countries averages about 8 liters of pure alcohol per year. Ethanol is also available as an open product in various qualities in pharmacies and drugstores (e.g. ethanol 70% with camphor, ethanol … Ethanol
Products Lesinurad was approved in the US in 2015, in the EU in 2016, and in many countries in 2017 in film-coated tablet form (Zurampic). A fixed-dose combination with allopurinol was released in the US in 2017 (Duzallo), in the EU in 2018, and in many countries in 2019. Structure and properties Lesinurad (C17H14BrN3O2S, Mr … Lesinurad
Products Pantoprazole is commercially available in the form of enteric-coated tablets and has been approved in many countries since 1997 (Pantozol, generic). Less commonly used are the granules and the injectable. Structure and properties Pantoprazole (C16H15F2N3O4S, Mr = 383.37 g/mol) is a benzimidazole derivative and a racemate. In tablets, it is present as sodium salt … Pantoprazole
Structure and properties Many active pharmaceutical ingredients are present in the drug as organic salts. This means that the active ingredient is ionized and its charge is neutralized by a counterion (English ). For example, naproxen is present in the over-the-counter pain reliever as a sodium salt. In this form, it is referred to as … Active Ingredient Salts
Definition Onset of action is the time at which the effect of a drug becomes observable or measurable. There is a delay between the administration of the drug (application) and the onset of action. We refer to this period of time as the latency period. It is in the range of minutes, hours, days, or … Onset of Action
Products Macrogol 4000 has been approved in many countries since 1987 as granules in combination with salts for bowel emptying and treatment of constipation (e.g., Isocolan). In 2013, a monopreparation that does not contain electrolytes was approved in many countries for the first time (Laxipeg). It is also available without flavoring (pure macrogol). The pure … Macrogol 4000
Products Several drugs are commercially available as enteric-coated tablets. Listed below are active ingredients that are administered with this dosage form: Proton pump inhibitors such as pantoprazole and esomeprazole. Some painkillers, e.g., NSAIDs such as diclofenac Digestive enzymes: pancreatin Laxative: bisacodyl Salicylates: mesalazine, acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg. Structure and properties Enteric coated tablets belong to … Enteric-Coated Tablets
Products Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commercially available in many countries in the form of film-coated tablets, MUPS tablets, capsules, as granules for preparation of an oral suspension, and as injectable and infusion preparations. The first active ingredient from this group to be approved in many countries was omeprazole (Antra, Losec), developed by Astra in … Proton Pump Inhibitors
Products Scopolamine butylbromide is available worldwide in the form of dragées, suppositories, and as a solution for injection. It has been commercially available in Germany and in many countries since 1952 (Buscopan, Boehringer Ingelheim) in the form of the dragées and suppositories even without a doctor’s prescription. In some countries, a combination with the analgesic … Scopolamine Butyl Bromide
Products Magnesium hydroxide is commercially available as suspension, chewable tablets, powder with excipients, pure powder and effervescent powder (Magnesia San Pellegrino, Alucol is a fixed combination with aluminum oxide, pure powder from Hänseler), among others. Magnesium hydroxide has been registered in many countries since 1935. In English, the suspension is called “Milk of Magnesia” because … Magnesium Hydroxide
Symptoms Ingestion of FODMAP may cause digestive disturbances: Increase in motility and water content in the small intestine, shortening of transit time, urge to defecate, diarrhea. Constipation Gas formation, flatulence Expansion of the intestinal lumen (distension), abdominal pain, abdominal cramps. Nausea This can trigger and aggravate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. … FODMAP
Products Erythritol is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals and is also used in food and personal care products. It is a sugar alcohol with 4 carbon atoms. Structure and properties Erythritol (C4H10O4, Mr = 122.1 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder or as free-flowing granules and is readily soluble in water. Erythritol is … Erythritol
