Products Azelastine is available as a nasal spray and in eye drop form (eg, Allergodil, Dymista + fluticasone, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1994. Structure and properties Azelastine (C22H24ClN3O, Mr = 381.9 g/mol) is present in drugs as azelastine hydrochloride, a white to almost white crystalline powder. It is a phthalazinone … Azelastine
Products Benzalkonium chloride is commercially available as an active pharmaceutical ingredient in the form of lozenges, as a gargling solution, as a gel and as a disinfectant, among others. As a preservative, it is commonly added in pharmaceuticals to eye drops, nasal sprays, nose drops and inhalation solutions for asthma and COPD treatment. It is … Benzalkonium Chloride
Symptoms Rhinitis medicamentosa manifests as a stuffy nose with swollen and histologically altered nasal mucosa. Causes It is the result of prolonged use of decongestant nasal medications (sprays, drops, oils, gels) containing active ingredients such as xylometazoline, oxymetazoline, naphazoline, or phenylephrine. Because the nasal mucosa no longer swells on its own and habituation occurs, the … Rhinitis Medicamentosa
Products (selection) Flawa hemostatic absorbent cotton Dermaplast alginate Stop Hémo nasal tamponade Effects Hemostatic absorbent cotton promotes blood clotting and gels with fluid. Indications Nosebleeds, small superficial bleeding. Substances Most hemostatic absorbent cotton on the market is made of calcium alginate fiber, a plant product derived from algae. Application The required amount is pulled from … Hemostatic Absorbent Cotton
Products Preservatives can be found in liquid, semi-solid and solid pharmaceuticals. They are also used for food and cosmetics. Structure and properties Preservatives belong to various chemical groups. These include, for example: Acids and their salts Benzoic acid derivatives, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Quaternary ammonium compounds Alcohols Phenols Preservatives can be of natural and synthetic origin. … Preservative
Products Medicines containing nedocromil are no longer available in many countries. The eye drops (Tilavist), nasal spray (Tilarin), and preparation for inhalation (Tilade) are out of commerce, presumably for commercial reasons. This article refers to ocular use. Structure and properties Nedocromil (C19H17NO7, Mr = 371.34 g/mol) belongs to the class of pyranoquinolines and is present … Nedocromil
Products Bromfenac is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Yellox). It was approved in the United States in 2005 and in the EU in 2011. It was registered in many countries in 2013. Structure and properties Bromfenac (C15H12BrNO3, Mr = 334.2 g/mol) is a benzophenone derivative. It is present in solution in drugs … Bromfenac
Products Nasal sprays are very widely used and there are many different products on the market, which are approved drugs or medical devices (see below). Nasal sprays are also manufactured in pharmacies. Structure and properties Nasal sprays are solutions, emulsions, or suspensions intended for spraying into the nasal cavities. They may contain one or more … Nasal Sprays
Products Tear substitutes are available as eye drops or eye gels in the form of single doses (monodoses, SDU, UD) and in vials. The monodoses do not contain preservatives and are usually suitable for contact lens wearers. The vials may contain a preservative and have a limited shelf life after opening. However, there are those … Tear Substitute
Symptoms Irritant contact dermatitis is a common inflammatory condition of the skin. It often occurs on the hands and manifests in the following possible signs and symptoms: Redness Swellings Dry skin Scaling, often between the fingers Itching, burning, pain, tightness, tingling. Increased sensitivity, for example, to alcohol in disinfectants. Skin thickening Painful tears Crusts Erosions … Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Products Hima pasta was approved in many countries in 1995. After 22 years, in 2017, its sales were discontinued. Ingredients 1 g paste contained 10 mg zinc sulfate and 200 mg zinc oxide. Excipients: propylene glycol, dye E 172 (iron oxide), preservative benzalkonium chloride (selection). Effects The active ingredients zinc sulfate and zinc oxide have … Hima Pasta
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials