beta-lactam antibiotics

Klebsiella Granulomatis: Infection, Transmission & Diseases

Klebsiella granulomatis is an unflagellated, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family. It lives facultatively anaerobically in the cytoplasm of large, mononuclear cells and is the causative agent of the venereal disease donovanosis. The bacterium does not form spores and therefore depends on direct human-to-human transmission, usually through sexual intercourse, for longer-term survival. What is … Klebsiella Granulomatis: Infection, Transmission & Diseases

Ampicillin (Polycillin, Principen, Omnipen)

Products In many countries, human drugs containing ampicillin are no longer commercially available. In other countries, film-coated tablets and injectables are available, often in fixed combination with sulbactam. Structure and properties Ampicillin (C16H19N3O4S, Mr = 349.4 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. In contrast, the sodium salt ampicillin … Ampicillin (Polycillin, Principen, Omnipen)

Amoxicillin (Amoxil)

Products Amoxicillin is commercially available in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, dispersible tablets, as powder or granules for the preparation of a suspension, as an infusion and injection preparation, and as a veterinary drug. In addition to the original Clamoxyl, numerous generics are available today. Amoxicillin was launched in 1972 and has been approved … Amoxicillin (Amoxil)

Cefaclor

Products Cefaclor is commercially available as sustained-release film-coated tablets and as a suspension (Ceclor). It has been approved in many countries since 1978. Structure and properties Cefaclor monohydrate (C15H14ClN3O4S – H2O, Mr = 385.8) is a white to pale yellow powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is a semisynthetic antibiotic and has structural … Cefaclor

Cefalexin

Products Cefalexin is commercially available as a veterinary drug in the form of tablets, chewable tablets, and suspensions. It is available both as a monopreparation (e.g., Cefacat, Cefadog) and in combination with kanamycin (Ubrolexin). It has been approved in many countries since 1986. Structure and properties Cefalexin (C16H17N3O4S , Mr = 347.4 g/mol) exists as … Cefalexin

Cefamandol

Products Cefamandol is commercially available as an injectable (Mandokef). It has been approved in many countries since 1978. Structure and properties Cefamandol (C18H18N6O5S2, Mr = 462.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as cefamandolafate, a white powder that is readily soluble in water. Effects Cefamandol (ATC J01DA07) has bactericidal properties. The effects are due to inhibition … Cefamandol

Skin Rash under Amoxicillin

Symptoms A skin rash may occur during or a few days after taking the penicillin antibiotic amoxicillin. Other beta-lactam antibiotics may also cause it. The typical drug exanthema occurs over large areas on the trunk, arms, legs, and face. The full-blown appearance develops in one to two days. The appearance may resemble a rash in … Skin Rash under Amoxicillin

Beta Lactam Antibiotics against Bacterial Infections

Effect Beta-lactam antibiotics have bacteriostatic to bactericidal properties. They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). PBPs include transpeptidases, which are responsible for cross-linking peptidoglycan chains during cell wall synthesis. Some beta-lactams can be degraded and thus inactivated by the bacterial enzyme beta-lactamase Indications The spectrum of beta-lactam antibiotics ranges from … Beta Lactam Antibiotics against Bacterial Infections

Vaborbactam

Products Vaborbactam was approved in the United States in 2017 as a fixed combination with the antibiotic meropenem (Vabomere, The Medicines Company). Meropenem belongs to the carbapenems and beta-lactam antibiotics group. Structure and properties Vaborbactam (C12H16BNO5S, Mr = 297.1 g/mol) is a cyclic boron compound and a boronic acid derivative. It is not a representative … Vaborbactam

Carbapeneme

Effects Carbapenems (ATC J01DH) are bactericidal against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Effects are based on binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) and inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, resulting in bacterial dissolution and death. Imipenem, the first representative of the drug group, is degraded by the renal enzyme dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I). It is therefore … Carbapeneme

Lyme Diseases: Causes and Treatment

Symptoms The disease has traditionally been divided into 3 stages, which, however, cannot be clearly distinguished from each other and do not require patients to pass through them obligatorily and sequentially. The staging has therefore been abandoned by some experts in favor of an early and late phase or organ-based classification. Borrelia initially infect the … Lyme Diseases: Causes and Treatment

Penicillins

Products Penicillins are commercially available today in the form of film-coated tablets, capsules, as solutions for injection and infusion, as powders for preparing an oral suspension, and as syrups, among others. Penicillin was discovered in September 1928 at St. Mary’s Hospital in London by Alexander Fleming. He was working with staphylococcal cultures in Petri dishes. … Penicillins