The constrictor pharyngis inferior muscle is the lower pharyngeal lacing muscle and contributes to speech and swallowing. Both of these tasks can be disrupted if the constrictor pharyngis inferior muscle fails, cramps, or is otherwise impaired. This is the case, for example, in nerve palsy or in the setting of a peritonsillar abscess. What is … Musculus Constrictor Pharyngis Inferior: Structure, Function & Diseases
Products Gemcitabine is commercially available as a lyophilizate for the preparation of an infusion solution (Gemzar, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1997. Structure and properties Gemcitabine (C9H11F2N3O4, Mr = 263.2 g/mol) is present in drugs as gemcitabine hydrochloride, a white substance that is soluble in water. The pyrimidine gemcitabine is a … Gemcitabine
A lump in the breast frightens many women and worries them when they feel it in their breast or when the doctor detects it. Immediately the thought of breast cancer pushes itself into the foreground. But lumps in the breast are not always a sign of cancer. There are further clinical pictures, which can cause … Lumps in the breast
Detect lumps in the breast Nodules in the breast are asymptomatic and are only visible externally when the lump protrudes the skin or retractions have occurred above the lump. Since this is only the case after the lump has been growing for a long time, most lumps can be recognized by palpation. Either the woman … Detect lumps in the breast | Lumps in the breast
Diagnosis The cornerstone of diagnosing a lump in the breast is palpation. Experienced gynecologists are able to assess the lump by means of a palpation. This is followed by an ultrasound examination (sonography), which is often sufficient to give the all-clear. If the ultrasound results are unclear, there is always the possibility to perform a … Diagnosis | Lumps in the breast
Lumps in the breast during breastfeeding During the breastfeeding period, especially in the first days and weeks, the female breast is exposed to unaccustomed strain, at times lumps form. These are usually oblong or strand-shaped. These are blocked milk ducts, a so-called milk congestion, which occurs when the baby does not drink some parts of … Lumps in the breast during breastfeeding | Lumps in the breast
Prognosis Harmless nodes are harmless and have a good prognosis. Fibroadenomas, cysts and mastopathies usually proceed without consequences after the symptoms have subsided. Affected women do not have an increased risk for further diseases. If the woman suffers from breast cancer, the prognosis depends mainly on the stage at which the cancer was discovered. Early … Prognosis | Lumps in the breast
Products Paclitaxel is commercially available as an infusion concentrate (Taxol, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1993. The active ingredient itself is also known as taxol. Protein-bound nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane) was approved in many countries in 2014. Structure and properties Paclitaxel (C47H51NO14, Mr = 853.9 g/mol) is a complex tetracyclic diterpene. It exists … Paclitaxel
The female breast is one of the secondary sexual characteristics and can vary greatly from individual to individual in terms of size and shape. The primary function of the female breast is to provide nutrition for the newborn child through breast milk. What is the female breast? Schematic diagram showing the anatomy and structure of … Female Breast: Structure, Function & Diseases
Among the diseases that threaten the female breast, breast cancer (breast cancer, (Latin: mammary carcinoma)) can probably be considered the most dangerous. Fortunately, however, both the treatment results and the chances of early detection of this disease have improved quite considerably since the last 30 years. Nevertheless, knowledge of one’s own body remains the surest … Breast Cancer Screening: Treatment, Effect & Risks
Introduction The prognosis of various diseases is often given as a percentage using the so-called 5-year survival rate in order to be able to compare them better. For breast cancer this survival rate is about 85%. This means that 5 years after the diagnosis of breast cancer has been made, 85% of those affected are … Prognosis for breast cancer
Grading Grading provides a more accurate assessment of the tumor tissue. Here the tumour is divided into a group from G1 to G4. Tumour cells develop from healthy body cells and the more similar they are to these, the less aggressive they usually are. G1 refers to tumour cells that are still relatively similar to … Grading | Prognosis for breast cancer
