How theophylline works Theophylline has a bronchodilator effect and inhibits the release of messenger substances that are necessary for an inflammatory response. The active ingredient can therefore be used – in addition to inhaled therapy – to prevent and treat shortness of breath (as in bronchial asthma and COPD). In most cases, the attack is … Theophylline: Effects, Areas of Application, Side Effects
Products Amphetamines are commercially available as drugs in the form of tablets, sustained-release tablets, capsules, and sustained-release capsules. Structure and properties Amphetamines are derivatives of amphetamine. It is a methylphenethylamine structurally related to endogenous monoamines and stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. Amphetamines are racemates and the –enantiomers. Effects Amphetamines have sympathomimetic, central stimulant, bronchodilator, psychoactive, … Amphetamines
Products Revefenacin was approved in the United States in 2018 as a monodose inhalation solution (Yupelri). The active ingredient belongs to the LAMA group. Structure and properties Revefenacin (C35H43N5O4, Mr = 597.8 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder and is sparingly soluble in water. It has an active metabolite formed by hydrolysis. Effects Revefenacin … Revefenacin
Products Beta2-sympathomimetics are usually commercially available as inhalation preparations (powders, solutions) administered with an inhaler, for example, metered-dose inhaler, diskus, Respimat, Breezhaler, or Ellipta. There are few drugs on the market that can be given perorally. Structure and properties Beta2-sympathomimetics are structurally related to the natural ligands epinephrine and norepinephrine. They may exist as racemates … Beta2-Sympathomimetics
Products Olodaterol was approved in many countries in 2014 as a solution for inhalation (Striverdi). In 2016, a fixed-dose combination with tiotropium bromide was also marketed (Spiolto). Both drugs are administered with the Respimat. Respimat The Respimat is a new inhalation device that releases a visible spray, or aerosol. The droplets are fine and move … Olodaterol
Products Ivy extracts are included in finished drug products and are available, for example, as syrups, drops, suppositories, and effervescent tablets. Dried ivy leaves are available in pharmacies and drugstores in open form. However, tea preparation is not very common. Stem plant Common ivy L. of the Aralia family is a perennial and evergreen root … Ivy
Products Ketamine is commercially available as a solution for injection (Ketalar, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1969. Esketamine nasal spray was approved in 2019 (Switzerland: 2020) for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (see there). Structure and properties Ketamine (C13H16ClNO, Mr = 237.7 g/mol) is a cyclohexanone derivative derived from phencyclidine (“angel … Ketamine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Glycopyrronium bromide is commercially available in the form of hard capsules with a powder for inhalation (Seebri Breezhaler). It was approved in the EU in 2012 and in many countries in April 2013. Glycopyrronium bromide is also combined fixed with indacaterol (Ultibro Breezhaler, approved in many countries in 2014). In 2020, a combination of … Glycopyrronium Bromide
Side effects Side effects of theophylline can occur even under properly adjusted therapy. These include headaches, restlessness and dizziness. In addition, the heart rate may change or problems in the gastrointestinal tract, such as hyperparasia or increased reflux (heartburn), especially at night. If signs of overreaction occur, such as itching, hives or skin rash, theophylline … Side effects | Theophylline
General information Theophylline is a drug from the group of methylxanthines and is used due to its effect especially in asthma therapy. It belongs to the same substance class as caffeine, for example, but has the additional property of having a bronchodilator effect in addition to its central effect. Theophylline is a prescription drug and … Theophylline
Products LABA is an acronym for , which means long-acting beta agonists (sympathomimetics). LABAs are mainly marketed as inhaled preparations (powders, solutions) administered with an inhaler such as a metered-dose inhaler, diskus, respimat, breezhaler, or ellipta. Some may also be given perorally. Salmeterol and formoterol were the first agents from this group to be approved … LABA
Products LAMAs are commercially available as powders and inhalation solutions and are administered with a specially designed inhaler or with a nebulizer (nebulizer). LAMA is the acronym for , which means long-acting antagonists at muscarinic receptors. Structure and properties LAMAs are derived from the parasympatholytic atropine, which is a natural plant constituent found in various … LAMA
