Products Tiotropium bromide is commercially available in the form of capsules for inhalation and has been approved since 2002 (Spiriva). The capsules are inhaled using the Spiriva HandiHaler. The inhalation solution (Spiriva Respimat) was approved in many countries in 2016. Tiotropium bromide is the successor to ipratropium bromide (Atrovent, both Boehringer Ingelheim). In 2016, a … Tiotropium Bromide
Products Bambuterol is commercially available in the form of tablets (Bambec). The drug is not registered in many countries. Structure and properties Bambuterol (C18H29N3O5, Mr = 367.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as bambuterol hydrochloride. It is a prodrug of terbutaline. Effects Bambuterol (ATC R03CC12) is bronchodilator. Its effects are due to stimulation of adrenergic … Bambuterol
Products Umeclidinium bromide is commercially available as a powder for inhalation as a monopreparation (Incruse Ellipta) and as a fixed combination with vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta, LAMA–LABA combination). It was approved in many countries in 2014. In 2017, a combination of umeclidinium bromide, fluticasone furoate, and vilanterol was released in the EU (Trelegy Ellipta), and in … Umeclidinium Bromide
Products Ipratropium bromide is commercially available as an inhalation solution, metered-dose inhaler, and nasal spray (Atrovent, Rhinovent, generics). Combination preparations with beta2-sympathomimetics are also commercially available (Dospir, Berodual N, generics). Pharmacies also produce inhalation solutions with ipratropium bromide as extemporaneous preparations. The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1978. Structure and properties … Ipratropium Bromide
Products Pentoxyverine is commercially available as syrup and drops, among other products. The drug is not registered in many countries. Structure and properties Pentoxyverine (C20H31NO3, Mr = 333.5 g/mol) is a phenylcyclopentane derivative. In pharmaceuticals, it is present as pentoxyverine citrate. It is also referred to as carbetapentane. Effects Pentoxyverine (ATC R05DB05) has antitussive, mild … Pentoxyverine
Products The fixed combination of beclomethasone dipropionate and formoterol was approved in many countries in 2019 in the form of a metered-dose inhaler with a compressed-gas inhalation solution. In other countries, the drug has been registered for longer, for example in Germany since 2006. The powder inhalers have not yet been approved in many countries. … Beclometasone and Formoterol
Products Vilanterol is commercially available as a fixed combination with fluticasone furoate in powder inhaler form (Relvar Ellipta / Breo Ellipta). It was approved in the US and EU in 2013 and in many countries in 2014. The fixed combination with umeclidinium bromide (Anoro Ellipta) was also registered in many countries in 2014. In 2017, … Vilanterol
Products Pirbuterol is available as a drug for inhalation in some countries (e.g., USA, Maxair). The drug is no longer approved in many countries. Structure and properties Pirbuterol (C12H20N2O3, Mr = 240.3 g/mol) is a pyridine derivative closely related structurally to salbutamol (Ventolin, generics), differing from it only in one nitrogen atom. It is present … Pirbuterol
Products Terbutaline is commercially available as a turbuhaler and has been approved in many countries since 1987 (Bricanyl). The syrup is out of commerce. Other dosage forms are available in other countries (e.g., tablets, solution for injection). Structure and properties Terbutaline (C12H19NO3, Mr = 225.3 g/mol) is present in drugs as terbutaline sulfate, a white … Terbutaline
Products Leukotriene antagonists are commercially available as film-coated tablets, granules, and chewable tablets. Structure and properties The active ingredients do not have a uniform chemical structure. Effects The leukotriene antagonists (ATC R03DC) have antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator, and antiallergic properties. They bind to the CysLT1 receptor, thereby inhibiting the effects of the cysteinyl leukotrienes LTC4, LTD4, … Leukotriene Antagonists
Products Aclidinium bromide is commercially available as a powder inhalation (Bretaris Genuair, Eklira Genuair). It is administered with the Genuair inhaler and was approved in the EU and US in 2012. In many countries, it entered the market in 2013. In the EU, a fixed-dose combination with formoterol was released in 2014 (Brimica Genuair). Structure … Aclidinium Bromide
Products Montelukast is commercially available as film-coated tablets and as granules and chewable tablets for children (Singulair, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1998. Structure and properties Montelukast (C35H36ClNO3S, Mr = 586.18 g/mol) is a chloroquinoline derivative. It is present in drugs as montelukast sodium, a white crystalline powder that is readily … Montelukast
