Definition and properties The boiling point is the characteristic temperature at which a substance passes from the liquid to the gaseous state. The liquid and gaseous phases are in equilibrium at this point. A typical example is water, which starts boiling at 100 °C and becomes water vapor. The boiling point depends on the pressure. … Boiling Point
Products Medicinal potash soap is available in pharmacies and drugstores. Specialty retailers can either make the soap themselves or purchase it from specialized suppliers. Definition and properties Potash soap is a soft soap consisting of a mixture of potassium salts of linseed oil fatty acids. It contains a minimum of 44 and a maximum of … Potash Soap
Products Crotamiton was available in many countries as a cream and lotion for external use (Eurax). It was approved in 1946. In 2012, its distribution was discontinued. Structure and properties Crotamiton (C13H17NO, Mr = 203.3 g/mol) exists as a colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid with a slight amine odor. It is sparingly soluble in … Crotamiton
Products Propanol is available in pharmacies and drugstores. It is also known as propyl alcohol. The systematic name is propan-1-ol. Propanol should not be confused with the isomer isopropanol (propan-2-ol). Structure and properties Propanol (C3H8O, Mr = 60.1 g/mol) is a primary and linear alcohol. Formally, it is propane with a hydroxyl group at position … Propanol (Propan-1-Ol)
Products Propolis is contained in ointments, creams, tinctures, oral sprays, lip balms, capsules and body care products, among others. As a rule, these are not registered drugs, but cosmetics. The pure substance is available from beekeepers or in pharmacies and drugstores. When buying propolis products, care must be taken to ensure that the substance is … Propolis (Bee Glue): Effects and Health Benefits
Products In many countries, only a few ear drops are currently on the market. They are also produced in pharmacies themselves. Structure and properties Ear drops are solutions, emulsions, or suspensions containing one or more active ingredients in liquids suitable for use in the ear canal. These include, for example, water, glycols, glycerol, propylene glycol, … Ear Drops
Products Ivy extracts are included in finished drug products and are available, for example, as syrups, drops, suppositories, and effervescent tablets. Dried ivy leaves are available in pharmacies and drugstores in open form. However, tea preparation is not very common. Stem plant Common ivy L. of the Aralia family is a perennial and evergreen root … Ivy
Products Gels are commercially available as pharmaceuticals, medical devices and cosmetics. Structure and properties Gels consist of gelled liquids. They are prepared with suitable swelling agents (gelling agents). These include, for example, celluloses (e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose), starches, carbomers, gelatin, xanthan gum, bentonite, agar, tragacanth, carrageenan, and pectin. The pharmacopoeia distinguishes between hydrophilic and lipophilic gels. … Gels
Structure and properties Cocaethylene (C18H23NO4, Mr = 317.4 g/mol) is a derivative of cocaine. Unlike cocaine, it contains an ethyl ester rather than a methyl ester. Formation Cocaethylene is formed when cocaine and ethanol are consumed simultaneously in the liver by a process called transesterification. The reaction occurs during catalysis by carboxylesterase 1 (hCE1). This … Cocaethylene
Products In many countries, finished medicines containing cocaine are currently no longer commercially available. However, they can be prepared as an extemporaneous prescription in a pharmacy. Cocaine is subject to the Narcotics Act and requires an aggravated prescription, but it is not banned as a drug. It is also sold as an illegal narcotic on … Cocaine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Dimethyl ether is found in pharmaceuticals, medical devices and personal care products as an excipient. It should not be confused with dimethyl ether. Structure and properties Dimethyl ether (C2H6O, Mr = 46.1 g/mol) is the simplest representative from the group of ethers with the structure CH3-O-CH3. It exists at standard conditions as a colorless … Dimethyl Ether
Products Energy drinks are available today from numerous suppliers. The best known and first representative is the Red BullEnergy Drink launched in Austria in 1987, which has been released in many countries since 1994 (USA: 1997). The products are usually sold in 250 ml cans, but smaller and larger cans are also on the market. … Energy Drinks
