Products Anti-allergy medications are available in numerous dosage forms. These include tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, nasal sprays, eye drops, inhalation preparations, and injectables. Structure and properties Antiallergic drugs do not have a uniform chemical structure. However, several groups within the class can be identified (see below). Effects Antiallergic drugs have antiallergic, antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive, antihistamine, and … Antiallergics
Products Prednisolone commercially available as an eye drop suspension (Pred forte). Structure and properties Prednisolone is present in the drug in the form of the ester prednisolone acetate (C23H30O6, Mr = 402.5 g/mol). Prednisolone acetate is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed in the body to the active metabolite prednisolone. Effects Prednisolone acetate (ATC S01BA04) has … Prednisolone Eye Drops
Products Ciclosporin eye drops were approved in the EU in 2015 and in many countries in 2016 (Ikervis). They have been registered in the United States since 2009 (Restasis). Structure and properties Ciclosporin (C62H111N11O12, Mr = 1203 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is extracted from the mushroom … Ciclosporin Eye Drops
Symptoms Keratoconjunctivitis epidemica manifests in the acute phase as annular redness, irritation, and swelling of the conjunctiva with itching, photophobia, severe eye tearing, hemorrhage, foreign body sensation, and eyelid swelling. The symptoms start suddenly in one eye and may spread to the other eye within days. The cornea of the eye may also be affected. … Epidemic Conjunctivitis
Symptoms Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis include itching, red eyes, eye watering, a thin discharge, and sneezing. The conjunctiva may be swollen, making it appear glassy. The itching and red eyes are particularly characteristic of the disease. Causes The inflammation is often caused by a pollen allergy (hay fever). In this case, it is also called … Allergic Conjunctivitis
Effects NSAIDs (ATC S01BC) have analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The effects are due to inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibition of cyclooxygenase. Indications Pain and inflammation after cataract surgery. Postoperative inflammation Cystoid macular edema Posttraumatic ocular inflammation, e.g., snow blindness. Pain after surgery on the eye Inhibition of miosis during surgical procedures. Not … NSAID Eye Drops
Symptoms Possible symptoms of hay fever include: Allergic rhinitis: itchy, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing. Allergic conjunctivitis: red, itchy, watery eyes. Cough, mucus formation Itching in the mouth Swollen, blue discolored skin under the eyes Fatigue Sleep disturbance due to the discomfort Hay fever is often accompanied by other inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes. … Hay Fever Causes
Products Diclofenac eye drops are commercially available from several manufacturers (Dicloabak, Difen-Stulln, Voltaren Ophtha). They have been approved in many countries since 1994. Because of the potential adverse effects of preservatives on the eye, unpreserved monodoses for single use are also available. Furthermore, dicloabak was launched in many countries in 2012. This is a 10-ml … Diclofenac Eye Drops
Products Fluorometholone is commercially available in the form of eye drops (FML Liquifilm). A fixed combination with neomycin (FML-Neo Liquifilm) is also available. Fluorometholone has been approved in many countries since 1973. Structure and properties Fluorometholone (C22H29FO4, Mr = 376.5 g/mol) is a fluorinated and lipophilic glucocorticoid structurally related to progesterone. It is present in … Fluorometholone
Effects Glucocorticoid eye drops have anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and immunosuppressive properties on the eye. They may increase intraocular pressure and promote infection. Indications Glucocorticoid eye drops are approved for the treatment of noninfectious inflammatory diseases of the anterior segments of the eye. They are also used in combination with antibiotics for infectious diseases of the eye. … Glucocorticoid Eye Drops
Symptoms Possible symptoms of viral conjunctivitis include unilateral or bilateral redness, itching, burning, eye tearing, a foreign body sensation, lymph node swelling, and bleeding. It is often accompanied by inflammation of the cornea (keratitis). Itching, watery eyes, bilateral findings and other allergic symptoms indicate allergic conjunctivitis. However, differentiation based on clinical signs is generally difficult … Viral Conjunctivitis
Products Rimexolone was commercially available in the form of eye drops (Vexol). It had been approved in many countries since 1997. Structure and properties Rimexolone (C24H34O3, Mr = 370.5 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is insoluble in water. Because of its poor solubility in water, it is formulated as a suspension in drugs. … Rimexolone
