Products Daptomycin is commercially available as a powder for the preparation of a solution for injection or infusion (Cubicin). It has been approved in many countries since 2007. Generic versions are registered. Structure and properties Daptomycin (C72H101N17O26, Mr = 1620.7 g/mol) is a cyclic lipopeptide that is obtained as a fermentation product from . It … Daptomycin
Effects Carbapenems (ATC J01DH) are bactericidal against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Effects are based on binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) and inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, resulting in bacterial dissolution and death. Imipenem, the first representative of the drug group, is degraded by the renal enzyme dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I). It is therefore … Carbapeneme
Products Penicillins are commercially available today in the form of film-coated tablets, capsules, as solutions for injection and infusion, as powders for preparing an oral suspension, and as syrups, among others. Penicillin was discovered in September 1928 at St. Mary’s Hospital in London by Alexander Fleming. He was working with staphylococcal cultures in Petri dishes. … Penicillins
Products Amikacin is commercially available as a solution for injection (Amikin). It has been approved in many countries since 1976. Structure and properties Amikacin (C22H43N5O13, Mr = 585.6 g/mol) is semisynthetically prepared from kanamycin A. It is found in drugs as amikacin sulfate, a white powder that is readily soluble in water. Effects Amikacin (ATC … Amikacin
Products Naftifine is commercially available as a gel and cream for external use. The drug has not yet been registered in many countries. Structure and properties Naftifine (C21H21N, Mr = 287.4 g/mol) is a lipophilic naphthalene derivative and belongs to the group of allylamines, which includes terbinafine. In pharmaceuticals, it is present as naftifine hydrochloride. … Naftifine
Products Antibiotics (singular: antibiotic) are commercially available in the form of tablets, dispersible tablets, capsules, as infusion preparations, suspensions and syrups for children, and as granules, among others. There are also some topical preparations, such as creams, ointments, eye drops, eye ointments, ear drops, nasal ointments and sore throat tablets. The first active ingredient from … Antibiotics: Antibacterial Drugs
Products The first active ingredient in the quinolone group to be introduced was nalidixic acid in 1967 (NegGram). It is no longer commercially available in many countries. Other drugs are available today (see below). Various dosage forms are available, for example, film-coated tablets, oral suspensions, eye drops, ear drops, and infusion solutions. Due to adverse … Quinolone
Products Meropenem is commercially available as a powder for solution for injection/infusion (Meronem, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. The antibiotic is also combined with the beta-lactamase inhibitor vaborbactam. Structure and properties Meropenem (C17H25N3O5S, Mr = 383.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as meropenem trihydrate, a white to slightly yellowish crystalline … Meropenem
Products Ciclopirox is commercially available in many countries as a nail polish, solution, vaginal suppository, cream, vaginal cream, and shampoo. Structure and properties Ciclopirox (C12H17NO2, Mr = 207.3 g/mol) exists as a white to yellowish white crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. It is also present in drugs as ciclopiroxolamine, a white to … Ciclopirox
Views Gram-positive bacteria Appear blue after Gram staining Have a thick cell wall with multilayered murein Possess pondonic acids anchored in the cell wall Have only one membrane (cytoplasmic membrane), into which lipoteichoic acids are anchored. Due to the lack of an outer membrane, gram-positive bacteria are well permeable to exogenous substances Gram-positive bacteria are … Gram Staining: Differences Between Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria
Products Neomycin is found in several topical medications, including eye drops, eye ointments, ear drops, creams, and ointments. These are usually combination preparations. Neomycin is often combined with bacitracin, as the latter is only effective against gram-positive bacteria. Neomycin was discovered in the 1940s in Selman Waksman’s group at Rutgers University, which identified numerous antibiotics … Neomycin
Products Azole antifungals are approved in many countries for both topical and systemic treatment. They are available in numerous dosage forms-including creams, an oral gel, powders, sprays, tablets, capsules, injectables, vaginal creams, and vaginal tablets. The first azole antifungal came on the market in the 1950s. Structure and properties The name azole refers to heterocycles … Azole Antifungals