Products Caffeine citrate solution was newly approved in many countries in 2016 (Peyona). It was available earlier in other countries. Structure and properties Caffeine (C8H10N4O2, Mr = 194.2 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder or as white silk-like crystals and is sparingly soluble in water. The substance sublimes readily. Citric acid monohydrate (C6H8O7 – … Caffeine Citrate Solution
Background The iron content of an adult is about 3 to 4 g. In women, the value is somewhat lower than in men. About two-thirds is bound to heme as so-called functional iron, is present in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and in enzymes, and is essential for oxygen supply and metabolism. One-third is found in the iron … Iron Deficiency Causes and Treatment
Products Gliclazide has been commercially available in sustained-release tablet form and approved in many countries since 1978. The sustained-release dosage forms entered the market in 2001. In addition to the original Diamicron MR, sustained-release generics have been available since 2008. Sales of the non-retarded Diamicron 80 mg were discontinued in 2012. Structure and properties Gliclazide … Gliclazide
Products Pantoprazole is commercially available in the form of enteric-coated tablets and has been approved in many countries since 1997 (Pantozol, generic). Less commonly used are the granules and the injectable. Structure and properties Pantoprazole (C16H15F2N3O4S, Mr = 383.37 g/mol) is a benzimidazole derivative and a racemate. In tablets, it is present as sodium salt … Pantoprazole
Products Antihistamines are often taken in the form of tablets. In addition, drops, solutions, lozenges, capsules, gels, creams, eye drops, nasal sprays, and injectable solutions are also available, among others. The first active ingredient from this group was phenbenzamine (Antergan), developed in France in the 1940s. It is no longer commercially available today. Structure and … Antihistamines for Allergies
Background Vitamin B12 can be produced exclusively by microorganisms and is found primarily in animal sources of protein, such as meat, liver, kidney, fish, oysters, milk, in dairy products and egg yolks. It plays an essential role in DNA synthesis, the formation of red blood cells and mucous membranes, and in myelination in the nervous … Vitamin B12 Deficiency Causes
Products Ulipristal acetate was approved in the EU in 2009 and in the United States in 2010 (ellaOne, film-coated tablets). In many countries, ulipristal acetate was registered in late 2012. Since February 1, 2016, the morning-after pill has been available in pharmacies without a doctor’s prescription after a consultation and dispensing documentation (see also under … Ulipristal Acetate
Products Scopolamine is currently sold in many countries exclusively in the form of eye drops. The transdermal patch Scopoderm TTS and other medications are no longer available. In some countries, other medicines containing scopolamine are available, such as Kwells motion sickness tablets and the Transderm Scop transdermal patch. This article refers to peroral use. In … Scopolamine
Drug gastric protection Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for acute and long-term treatment of painful and inflammatory conditions. Active ingredients used include, for example, diclofenac, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, naproxen, and mefenamic acid. However, their use is limited by adverse effects that affect the upper digestive tract and are due to inhibition of prostaglandin … Stomach Protection
Symptoms Nighttime calf cramps are painful and involuntary muscle contractions of the legs that often occur in the calves and feet. They last only a few minutes but can continue to cause discomfort for hours. They are particularly common in older people over 60 years of age. They are benign complaints. The most important complication … Nocturnal Calf Cramps
Products Cefpodoxime is commercially available as film-coated tablets and as granules for preparation of a suspension (Podomexef, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1991. Structure and properties Cefpodoxime (C15H17N5O6S2, Mr = 427.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as cefpodoxime proxetil. It is an ester prodrug and is rapidly converted to cefpodoxime in … Cefpodoxime
Symptoms Dyspepsia is a digestive disorder that manifests itself in symptoms such as a feeling of fullness after eating, early satiety, upper abdominal pain, malaise, and burning in the stomach. Other digestive symptoms such as flatulence, nausea and vomiting may also occur. Causes Dyspepsia is divided into two categories. In so-called functional dyspepsia, no organic … Dyspepsia
