Products Zinc is found in numerous pharmaceutical products. This article refers to peroral administration, for example, in the form of tablets, chewable tablets, lozenges, and effervescent tablets. Zinc should not be confused with tin. Structure and properties Zinc (Zn) is a chemical element with an atomic number of 20 that exists as a brittle, blue-silver … Zinc
Products Mannitol is commercially available as a powder and as an infusion preparation. The pure substance is available in pharmacies and drugstores. Structure and properties D-mannitol (C6H14O6, Mr = 182.2 g/mol) exists as white crystals or white powder that dissolves readily in water. Mannitol is a hexavalent sugar alcohol and occurs naturally in plants, algae, … Mannitol
Products Dihydropyridines are commercially available in many countries in the form of film-coated tablets, sustained-release tablets, capsules, and injectables. Nifedipine from Bayer (Adalat) was the first active ingredient from this group to enter the market in the mid-1970s. Today, amlodipine (Norvasc, generics) is most commonly prescribed. Structure and properties The name 1,4-dihydropyridines is derived from … Dihydropyridine
Products Infusion is the administration of a larger volume of fluid, usually intravenously into the blood, but also directly into organs or tissues. This is in contrast to injections, in which only small volumes are injected. The pharmacopoeia places special requirements on infusion preparations and the corresponding containers. Among other things, they must be germ-free, … Infusions
Products Bisphosphonates are commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and as injection and infusion preparations. They are also combined fixed with vitamin D3. Their effects on bone were described in the 1960s. Etidronate was the first active ingredient to be approved (out of trade). Structure and properties Bisphosphonates contain a central carbon atom … Bisphosphonates Effects and Side Effects
Products Amoxicillin is commercially available in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, dispersible tablets, as powder or granules for the preparation of a suspension, as an infusion and injection preparation, and as a veterinary drug. In addition to the original Clamoxyl, numerous generics are available today. Amoxicillin was launched in 1972 and has been approved … Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Products Cefamandol is commercially available as an injectable (Mandokef). It has been approved in many countries since 1978. Structure and properties Cefamandol (C18H18N6O5S2, Mr = 462.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as cefamandolafate, a white powder that is readily soluble in water. Effects Cefamandol (ATC J01DA07) has bactericidal properties. The effects are due to inhibition … Cefamandol
Products Neuraminidase inhibitors are commercially available in the form of capsules, powder for oral suspension, powder inhalers, and injectables. The first agents to be approved were zanamivir (Relenza) in 1999, followed by oseltamivir (Tamiflu). Laninamivir (Inavir) was released in Japan in 2010 and Peramivir (Rapivab) in the USA in 2014. The public is most familiar … Neuraminidase Inhibitor
Products Meldonium is on the market mainly in Eastern European countries and states of the former Soviet Union in the form of capsules and as an injectable, for example in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Latvia (Mildronate). However, it is not registered in many countries, in the EU and in the USA. Meldonium was developed in … Meldonium
Products Thiamine (vitamin B1) is commercially available in tablet form and as a solution for injection (e.g., Benerva, Neurorubin, generics), among others. It is a component of numerous combination preparations (e.g., Berocca). Structure and properties Thiamine (C12H17N4OS+, Mr = 265.4 g/mol) is usually present in drugs as thiamine nitrate or thiamine hydrochloride. Thiamine hydrochloride, unlike … Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
Products Thiopental is commercially available as an injectable (generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1947. Structure and properties Thiopental (C11H18N2O2S, Mr = 242.3 g/mol) is present in the drug as thiopental sodium, a yellowish white, hygroscopic powder that is readily soluble in water. It is a lipophilic thiobarbiturate identical to pentobarbital except … Thiopental
Products In many countries, drugs containing promethazine are currently no longer on the market. The last product to be withdrawn from the market was Rhinathiol promethazine with the expectorant carbocisteine on January 31, 2009. However, medicines are still available in many countries. The original drug is Phenergan. Promethazine was developed in the 1940s at Rhône-Poulenc, … Promethazine
