Symptoms Drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval can rarely lead to severe arrhythmias. This is polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, known as torsade de pointes arrhythmia. It can be seen on the ECG as a wave-like structure. Due to the dysfunction, the heart cannot maintain blood pressure and can only pump insufficient blood and oxygen to the … Prolongation of the QT Interval
Background The skin of jellyfish contains so-called cnidocytes, which are used against prey and enemies when they come into contact with the skin. When appropriately irritated, a cnidocyst is ejected at high speed like a kind of harpoon, injecting a venom deep into the victim’s skin. This venom causes mild to fatal toxic and allergic … Jellyfish Repellent
Products Mitotane is commercially available in tablet form (Lysodren). It was approved in many countries in 2010. Structure and properties Mitotane or 1-chloro-2-(2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)benzene (C14H10Cl4, Mr = 320.041 g/mol) is a derivative of an insecticide. Effects Mitotane (ATC L01XX23) has a cytotoxic effect on the adrenal glands and may also cause adrenal inhibition without cell destruction. … Mitotan
Products Indometacin has been approved in many countries since 1999 in the form of eye drops (Indophtal, Indophtal UD). Structure and properties Indomethacin (C19H16ClNO4, Mr = 357.8 g/mol) is an indoleacetic acid derivative. It exists as a white to yellow crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Indomethacin (ATC S01BC01) has analgesic and … Indomethacin Eye Drops
Products Indoxacarb is commercially available as a drop-on solution for dogs and cats. It was approved in many countries in July 2012. Structure and properties Indoxacarb (C22H17ClF3N3O7, Mr = 527.8 g/mol) is a prodrug that is biotransformed to the active metabolite only in the insect by cleavage of the carbomethoxy group. It belongs to the … Indoxacarb
Products Infliximab is commercially available as a powder for a concentrate for the preparation of an infusion solution (Remicade, biosimilars: Remsima, Inflectra). It has been approved in many countries since 1999. Biosimilars were released in 2015. Structure and properties Infliximab is a chimeric human murine IgG1κ monoclonal antibody with a molecular mass of 149.1 kDa … Infliximab: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Infusion is the administration of a larger volume of fluid, usually intravenously into the blood, but also directly into organs or tissues. This is in contrast to injections, in which only small volumes are injected. The pharmacopoeia places special requirements on infusion preparations and the corresponding containers. Among other things, they must be germ-free, … Infusions
Products Ingenol mebutate was commercially available as a gel (Picato). It was approved in many countries in 2013, and in the EU and the U.S. as early as 2012. In 2020, approval was withdrawn because an increased risk of skin cancer was observed with the treatment. Structure and properties Ingenol mebutate (C25H34O6, Mr = 430.5 … Ingenol Mebutate
Products Laxatives are available in numerous dosage forms. These include, for example, tablets, drops, suppositories, powders, granules, solutions, syrups and enemas. Structure and properties Laxatives do not have a uniform chemical structure. However, groups can be identified (see below). Effects Laxatives have laxative properties. They stimulate bowel emptying by different mechanisms depending on the active … Laxative
Products Traditional tonics (synonyms: tonics, roborants) are thick preparations, which are mainly offered in glass bottles. Today, effervescent tablets, capsules, tablets and powders, among others, are also on the market. Strengtheners are also manufactured in pharmacies and are available both as approved drugs and as dietary supplements. In many countries, well-known brand names include, for … Tonic
Products Aceclofenac is approved in Germany, among other countries, in the form of film-coated tablets (Beofenac). It is not registered in many countries. Structure and properties Aceclofenac (C16H13Cl2NO4, Mr = 354.2 g/mol) is structurally related to diclofenac and is partially metabolized to it. It exists as a white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in … Aceclofenac
Products Stavudine is commercially available in capsule form (Zerit). It has been approved in many countries since 1996. Structure and properties Stavudine (C10H12N2O4, Mr = 224.2 g/mol) is a thymidine analog with a missing 3′-hydroxy group. It is a prodrug that is biotransformed intracellularly to the active metabolite stavudine triphosphate. Stavudine exists as a white … Stavudine
