Products Beta-carotene is commercially available as a monopreparation mainly in the form of capsules. Structure and properties Beta-carotene (C40H56, Mr = 536.9 g/mol) exists as a brown-red crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. The lipophilic substance is sensitive to air, light and heat, especially in solution. The carotenoid, which is made up of … Beta-Carotene
Hair anatomy and physiology Hairs are horny filaments formed by test tube-shaped invaginations of the epidermis. The portion protruding obliquely from the skin is called the hair shaft. Inserted into the skin and extending to the subcutis is the so-called hair follicle. The hair also includes the sebaceous glands, which open into the hair funnel, … Hair Anatomy and Physiology
Products Topical calcineurin inhibitors are commercially available in many countries as ointments and creams (Protopic, Elidel). They have been approved in many countries since 2001 and 2003, respectively. Effects The active ingredients (ATC D11AH) have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The effects are based on inhibition of the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin. This reduces T-cell activation and … Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors
Products Tacrolimus is commercially available for external use as an ointment in two concentrations (Protopic). It has been approved in many countries since 2001. Structure and properties Tacrolimus (C44H69NO12 – H2O, Mr = 822.0 g/mol) is a complex macrolide formed by the fungus-like bacterium. It is present in drugs as tacrolimus monohydrate, white crystals, or … Topical Tacrolimus
Symptoms Pityriasis versicolor is a skin disorder that occurs primarily on areas with high sebum production, such as the back, chest, upper arms, shoulders, armpits, neck, face, and scalp. Round to oval hyper- or hypopigmented patches occur. The skin is slightly thickened, scaly, and sometimes mildly itchy. The patches may be colored, for example, pink, … Pityriasis Versicolor: Medicinal Uses
Products Afamelanotide is administered as an implant (Scenesse, Clinuvel). It has had orphan drug status in many countries since 2008. It has not yet been registered with Swissmedic and is not approved as a drug. In the United States, the drug was approved in 2019. Structure and properties Afamelanotide is an analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone … Afamelanotide
White spot disease (vitiligo) is more than just a harmless cosmetic problem to live with. White spot disease is an acquired disorder of normal skin coloration. Striking white patches appear on different areas of the skin, with very different shapes. These light patches lack the pigment melanin, which gives the skin its particular hue. Melanin … White Spot Disease
Pigment spots are the result of hyperpigmentation/hypopigmentation of the skin. They occur when specialized skin cells release too much or too little of the pigment melanin. The dye is the same one that tans us after sunbathing. If too much melanin is released, brownish discolorations (pigment spots) are visible on the skin. This is in … Remove pigmentation stains
Laser and IPL Technology For the treatment of pigment spots by means of laser therapy, red light of a certain wavelength is used, which forms a very high-energy laser beam. Before starting treatment, the skin must be examined to determine whether the spots are suitable for therapy. In addition, the number and size of the … Laser and IPL Technology | Remove pigmentation stains
