Telomerase is an enzyme whose determination is suitable as a tumor marker. Tumor markers are endogenous substances produced by tumors and detectable in the blood. They can provide an indication of a malignant neoplasm and are used as a follow-up test in cancer aftercare. Telomerase is an enzyme of the cell nucleus. After each cell … Telomerase
Thymidine kinase (TK) is a cellular enzyme involved in the incorporation of the nucleoside (basic building block of nucleic acid) thymidine into DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Its concentration is thus a measure of the division activity of cells.Since malignant diseases of the blood-forming and lymphatic systems in particular are characterized by high rates of cell division, … Thymidine Kinase
Thyroglobulin (TG; synonym: human thyroglobulin, hTG) is the storage form of thyroid hormones. When needed, active thyroid hormones are released from it into the blood. Thyroglobulin can also be used as a so-called tumor marker. Tumor markers are substances produced naturally in the body by tumors and detectable in the blood. They can provide an … Thyroglobulin
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; primary hepatocellular carcinoma) – colloquially called liver cancer – (synonyms: Malignant neoplasm of the liver; Malignant neoplasm of the intrahepatic bile duct; Malignant neoplasm of the intralobular bile duct; Carcinoma hepatis; Carcinoma hepatocellulare; Carcinoma hepatocholangiocellulare; Hepatocarcinoma; Hepatoma; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Klatskin tumor; Liver carcinoma; Liver sarcoma; Liver teratoma; Malignant hepatoma; ICD-10-GM C22. 0: … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma)
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatocellular carcinoma/liver cancer). Family history Is there a history of frequent tumors in your family? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What symptoms have you noticed? Do you have abdominal pain? Have you noticed an increase … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Medical History
Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), unspecified. Cirrhosis of the liver – connective tissue remodeling of the liver leading to functional impairment. Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48). Benign (benign) tumors of the liver: (Cavernous) hepatic hemangioma (most common benign tumor of the liver; it is a vascular malformation … Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of bone tumors. Family history Are there any diseases in your family that are common? (Tumor diseases) Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Do you suffer from persistent or increasing pain in the skeletal system for which there is … Bone Tumors: Medical History
Respiratory System (J00-J99) Maxillary sinus empyema – accumulation of pus in the maxillary sinuses. Maxillary sinus mycosis Jaw cysts Ostitis fibrosa – painless distension of the forehead and maxilla (upper jaw bone). Pneumosinus dilatans (rare) – dilatation (dilation) of the paranasal sinuses due to impaired valve mechanism. Sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses). Endocrine, nutritional … Bone Tumors: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by bone tumors: Respiratory system (J00-J99) Obstruction of the excretory duct of the paranasal sinus → paranasal sinus mucocele (mucocele = accumulation of mucus) (osteoma). Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Amyloidosis – extracellular (“outside the cell”) deposits of amyloids (degradation-resistant … Bone Tumors: Consequential Diseases
The most common classification of bone tumors is by dignity, that is, whether they are benign (benign) or malignant (malignant): Benign tumors Tissue of origin Benign fibrous histiocytoma Connective tissue Chondroblastoma (Codman tumor) Cartilage tissue Desmoplastic bone fibroma Connective tissue Enchondroma Cartilage tissue Fibrous bone dysplasia (Jaffe-Lichtenstein) Connective tissue Bone hemangioma Vessels Nonossifying fibroma (NOF) … Bone Tumors: Classification
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes [broad ulcerated (“ulcerated”) nodule in cutis (skin) and subcutis (subcutaneous) (palpable) (usually painless/poor)?] Mouth, teeth [due todifferential diagnosis: reparative giant cell granuloma … Bone Tumors: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Biopsy (tissue sample) – to determine the type of tumor as well as its aggressiveness; most important diagnostic measure in cases of suspected tumor; performed following imaging procedures (see “Medical Device Diagnostics“). Alkaline phosphatase (AP) isoenzymes, ostase, urinary calcium (the tumor hypercalcemia (synonym: tumor-induced hypercalcemia, TIH) is … Bone Tumors: Test and Diagnosis
