Netilmicin
Products Netilmicin is no longer available in many countries. Netromycin is out of commerce. Effects Netilmicin (ATC J01GB07) is bactericidal. Indications Bacterial infectious diseases
Antibiotics
Lymecycline
Products Lymecycline is commercially available in the form of capsules (Tetralysal). It was approved in many countries in 2005. Structure and properties Lymecycline (C29H38N4O10, Mr = 602.6 g/mol) is a water-soluble prodrug of the antibiotic tetracycline with the amino acid lysine. Lymecycline is better absorbed than tetracycline. Effects Lymecycline (ATC J01AA04) has bacteriostatic properties against … Lymecycline
Cycloserine
Products No finished drug products containing cycloserine are commercially available in many countries. Structure and properties Cycloserine (C3H6N2O2, Mr = 102.1 g/mol) is a natural substance formed by and is also produced synthetically. It exists as a white powder that is soluble in water. Effects Cycloserine (ATC J04AB01) has antibacterial properties against . The effects … Cycloserine
Ofloxacin
Products Ofloxacin is commercially available as eye drops, eye ointment (Floxal, Floxal UD), tablets, and solution for injection (Tarivid). The active ingredient was approved in many countries in 1987, and the ophthalmic agents in 1992. The enantiomer levofloxacin is also on the market (Tavanic, generics). This article refers to ocular use. Structure and properties Ofloxacin … Ofloxacin
Beta Lactam Antibiotics against Bacterial Infections
Effect Beta-lactam antibiotics have bacteriostatic to bactericidal properties. They inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). PBPs include transpeptidases, which are responsible for cross-linking peptidoglycan chains during cell wall synthesis. Some beta-lactams can be degraded and thus inactivated by the bacterial enzyme beta-lactamase Indications The spectrum of beta-lactam antibiotics ranges from … Beta Lactam Antibiotics against Bacterial Infections
Moxifloxacin
Products Moxifloxacin is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets, as an infusion solution, and eye drops (Avalox, Vigamox eye drops). It has been approved in many countries since 1999. Generic versions of the tablets went on sale in 2014. This article refers to oral administration; see also moxifloxacin eye drops. Structure and properties … Moxifloxacin
Linezolid
Products Linezolid is commercially available as an infusion solution, in the form of film-coated tablets, and as granules for preparation of a suspension (Zyvoxid, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2001. Structure and properties Linezolid (C16H20FN3O4, Mr = 337.3 g/mol) was the first agent developed from the oxazolidinone group. It is structurally … Linezolid
Polymyxin B Sulfate
Products Polymyxin B sulfate is commercially available in the form of eye drops, eye ointments, and ear drops. Structure and properties Polymyxin B sulfate is a mixture of sulfates of polypeptides obtained from certain strains of . The major constituent is polymyxin B1 (C56H98N16O13, Mr = 1204 g/mol). Effects Polymyxin B has antibacterial properties. Indications … Polymyxin B Sulfate
Daptomycin
Products Daptomycin is commercially available as a powder for the preparation of a solution for injection or infusion (Cubicin). It has been approved in many countries since 2007. Generic versions are registered. Structure and properties Daptomycin (C72H101N17O26, Mr = 1620.7 g/mol) is a cyclic lipopeptide that is obtained as a fermentation product from . It … Daptomycin
Carbapeneme
Effects Carbapenems (ATC J01DH) are bactericidal against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Effects are based on binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) and inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, resulting in bacterial dissolution and death. Imipenem, the first representative of the drug group, is degraded by the renal enzyme dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I). It is therefore … Carbapeneme
Finafloxacin
Products Finafloxacin was approved in the United States in 2015 in the form of ear drops (Xtoro). The drug has not yet been registered in many countries. Structure and properties Finafloxacin (C20H19FN4O4, Mr = 398.4 g/mol) is a fluoroquinolone. It exists as a white to yellow powder or crystals and is sparingly soluble in water. … Finafloxacin
Penicillins
Products Penicillins are commercially available today in the form of film-coated tablets, capsules, as solutions for injection and infusion, as powders for preparing an oral suspension, and as syrups, among others. Penicillin was discovered in September 1928 at St. Mary’s Hospital in London by Alexander Fleming. He was working with staphylococcal cultures in Petri dishes. … Penicillins
