Products Numerous nasal sprays containing vasoconstrictive agents are commercially available. Among the best known are xylometazoline (Otrivin, generic) and oxymetazoline (Nasivin). In addition to sprays, nasal drops and nasal gels are also available. Decongestants for the nose have been available since the early 20th century (Sneader, 2005). As early as the 1940s, rhinitis medicamentosa was … Decongestant Nasal Sprays
Products Anti-allergy medications are available in numerous dosage forms. These include tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, nasal sprays, eye drops, inhalation preparations, and injectables. Structure and properties Antiallergic drugs do not have a uniform chemical structure. However, several groups within the class can be identified (see below). Effects Antiallergic drugs have antiallergic, antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive, antihistamine, and … Antiallergics
Symptoms Watery runny nose (rhinorrhea) occurs in association with eating. There is usually no itching, sneezing, eye involvement, or stuffy nose as in allergic rhinitis, for example, hay fever. Runny nose while eating is bothersome and a psychosocial problem. Causes Stimulation of muscarinic receptors (parasympathetic nervous system). Post-traumatic or after surgery Idiopathic Histamine intolerance Trigger … Gustatory Rhinitis (Runny Nose During Eating)
Products Nasal sprays are very widely used and there are many different products on the market, which are approved drugs or medical devices (see below). Nasal sprays are also manufactured in pharmacies. Structure and properties Nasal sprays are solutions, emulsions, or suspensions intended for spraying into the nasal cavities. They may contain one or more … Nasal Sprays
Products Antihistamines are often taken in the form of tablets. In addition, drops, solutions, lozenges, capsules, gels, creams, eye drops, nasal sprays, and injectable solutions are also available, among others. The first active ingredient from this group was phenbenzamine (Antergan), developed in France in the 1940s. It is no longer commercially available today. Structure and … Antihistamines for Allergies
Effects Antihistamine eye drops have antihistamine and antiallergic properties. They are more or less selective antagonists of histamine at the H1 receptor, abolish histamine effects and thus relieve symptoms such as itching, redness, swelling, and tearing. Compared with oral antihistamines, the effect occurs after only a few minutes and lasts up to 12 hours. Many … Antihistamine Eye Drops
Effects Antihistamine nasal sprays have antihistamine and antiallergic properties. They are antagonists of histamine at the H1 receptor, reversing histamine effects and thus relieving symptoms such as sneezing, itching, and runny nose. Azelastine is also mast cell stabilizing, which is considered a therapeutic advantage. Glucocorticoid nasal sprays are more effective than antihistamine nasal sprays, but … Antihistamine Nasal Sprays
Products Triamcinolone acetonide nasal sprays have been approved in many countries since 1996 and are commercially available as propellant-free metered-dose sprays (Nasacort, Nasacort Allergo, Suspension). Structure and properties Triamcinolone acetonide (C24H31FO6, Mr = 434.5 g/mol) is a white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is a lipophilic and potent derivative of triamcinolone. … Triamcinolone Acetonide Nasal Spray
Symptoms Production of sounds through the upper airway during sleep. Snoring is very common and is reported to occur in 25-40% of the population. Complications Snoring is primarily a social problem, for example in relationships, in military service, on vacation, in tents or mass camps. In other words, whenever several people sleep together in a … Snoring Causes and Remedies
Symptoms Possible symptoms of hay fever include: Allergic rhinitis: itchy, runny or stuffy nose, sneezing. Allergic conjunctivitis: red, itchy, watery eyes. Cough, mucus formation Itching in the mouth Swollen, blue discolored skin under the eyes Fatigue Sleep disturbance due to the discomfort Hay fever is often accompanied by other inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes. … Hay Fever Causes
Effects Nasal glucocorticoids are antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and decongestant by locally inhibiting the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. They reduce nasal symptoms such as runny or stuffy nose, itching, sneezing, and sneezing, and may also have a beneficial effect on ocular symptoms such as itching, burning, redness, and tearing. In contrast to oral glucocorticoids, there are significantly … Glucocorticoid Nasal Sprays
Products Levocabastine is commercially available as eye drops and as a nasal spray (Livostin). It has been approved in many countries since 1992. See also under levocabastine eye drops. Structure and properties Levocabastine (C26H29FN2O2, Mr = 420.52 g/mol) is a substituted cyclohexylpiperidine derivative. In medicinal products, levocabastine hydrochloride, which is practically insoluble in water, is … Levocabastine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
