Products Daptomycin is commercially available as a powder for the preparation of a solution for injection or infusion (Cubicin). It has been approved in many countries since 2007. Generic versions are registered. Structure and properties Daptomycin (C72H101N17O26, Mr = 1620.7 g/mol) is a cyclic lipopeptide that is obtained as a fermentation product from . It … Daptomycin
Effects Carbapenems (ATC J01DH) are bactericidal against aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Effects are based on binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) and inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, resulting in bacterial dissolution and death. Imipenem, the first representative of the drug group, is degraded by the renal enzyme dehydropeptidase-I (DHP-I). It is therefore … Carbapeneme
Products Ketoconazole has been approved in many countries since 1981 and is now only commercially available as a shampoo and as a cream for external treatment (Nizoral, generics). Nizoral tablets were taken off the market in 2012 due to declining demand. This article refers to external use. Structure and properties Ketoconazole (C26H28Cl2N4O4, Mr = 531.4 … Ketoconazole
Products Penicillins are commercially available today in the form of film-coated tablets, capsules, as solutions for injection and infusion, as powders for preparing an oral suspension, and as syrups, among others. Penicillin was discovered in September 1928 at St. Mary’s Hospital in London by Alexander Fleming. He was working with staphylococcal cultures in Petri dishes. … Penicillins
Products Oritavancin was approved in the United States in 2014 as an infusion preparation (Orbactiv). The drug has not yet been registered in many countries. Structure and properties Oritavancin is present in drugs as oritavancin phosphate (C86H97N10O26Cl3 – 2H3PO4, Mr = 1989.1 g/mol) is present, a complex semisynthetically produced lipoglycopeptide structurally related to other glycopeptide … Oritavancin
Products Vancomycin is commercially available as an injectable and in capsule form (Vancocin, generics). It was discovered in 1957 in soil samples from a jungle in Borneo and has been approved in many countries since 1959. Structure and properties Vancomycin is present in drugs as vancomycin hydrochloride (C66H76Cl3N9O24, Mr = 1486 g/mol) is present, a … Vancomycin
Products Amikacin is commercially available as a solution for injection (Amikin). It has been approved in many countries since 1976. Structure and properties Amikacin (C22H43N5O13, Mr = 585.6 g/mol) is semisynthetically prepared from kanamycin A. It is found in drugs as amikacin sulfate, a white powder that is readily soluble in water. Effects Amikacin (ATC … Amikacin
Products Hexamidine eye drops have been approved in many countries since 1994 (Desomedin, Desomedin DD, Monodoses). The disinfectant is also present in skin creams (Imacort, Imazol) and cosmetics. Structure and properties Hexamidine (C20H26N4O, Mr = 354.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as hexamidine diisetionate, a white to pale yellow powder that is sparingly soluble in … Hexamidine Eye Drops
Symptoms A few days after transmission of the diphtheria bacteria, the disease begins with sore throat and headache, nausea or vomiting, fever, and difficulty swallowing. Later, the typical symptoms appear: Hoarseness, up to voicelessness Whistling breathing (stridor) Barking cough Swelling of the lymph nodes and swelling of the soft tissues of the neck. Coatings of … Diphtheria Causes and Treatment
Products Naftifine is commercially available as a gel and cream for external use. The drug has not yet been registered in many countries. Structure and properties Naftifine (C21H21N, Mr = 287.4 g/mol) is a lipophilic naphthalene derivative and belongs to the group of allylamines, which includes terbinafine. In pharmaceuticals, it is present as naftifine hydrochloride. … Naftifine
Products Antibiotics (singular: antibiotic) are commercially available in the form of tablets, dispersible tablets, capsules, as infusion preparations, suspensions and syrups for children, and as granules, among others. There are also some topical preparations, such as creams, ointments, eye drops, eye ointments, ear drops, nasal ointments and sore throat tablets. The first active ingredient from … Antibiotics: Antibacterial Drugs
Products The first active ingredient in the quinolone group to be introduced was nalidixic acid in 1967 (NegGram). It is no longer commercially available in many countries. Other drugs are available today (see below). Various dosage forms are available, for example, film-coated tablets, oral suspensions, eye drops, ear drops, and infusion solutions. Due to adverse … Quinolone
