Background Opioids have been used as painkillers for thousands of years. Initially in the form of opium, the dried milky sap of the opium poppy L. (Papaveraceae). In the early 19th century, the pure opium alkaloid morphine was isolated for the first time and later administered with the newly invented hypodermic needle. In the 20th … Opioids: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Naloxone nasal spray was approved in the United States in 2015 (Narcan), in the EU in 2017, and in many countries in 2018 (Nyxoid). Each nasal spray contains only one dose and can be used only once. Structure and properties Naloxone (C19H21NO4, Mr = 327.37 g/mol) is a semisynthetic derivative of morphine. It is … Naloxone Nasal Spray
Doping, anabolic steroids, growth hormones, steroids, steroid hormones, beta-2 agonists, diuretics Here you will find detailed information on Anabolic steroids Epo Beta – 2- agonists The beta- 2- agonists (e.g. clenbuterol) also belong today to the group of prohibited doping substances. In 1993, the IOC put this substance on the doping list. The beta- 2- … Active substances in doping
First of all, it should be mentioned that the prohibited substances listed below are not substances specifically developed for sport, but are a misuse of special drugs as doping. In addition to the performance-enhancing effect, health hazards and detectability are the criteria for inclusion in the doping list. In the case of peptide hormones and … Doping in sport
Introduction Pain is a major topic in all areas of medicine. In acute cases, pain can strain the circulation, aggravates the subjective experience of an illness and can also become a long-term burden. Sometimes pain can no longer be controlled with conventional medication in tablet form. It is then possible to switch from a so-called … Epidural anaesthesia
Application The epidural anaesthesia or the epidural catheter can be used for all procedures where a targeted elimination of pain in a specific region of the body is desired. Depending on the height of the intervention site, the pain catheter can be placed in different areas of the spine. The best known is the use … Application | Epidural anaesthesia
Advantages The advantages are simply that the patient is free of pain. Even after an operation, the pain can be eliminated, the patient is thus faster on his legs and rehabilitation can be achieved more quickly. Gentle behaviour or a relieving posture in the affected body part is avoided, which means that normal function can … Advantages | Epidural anaesthesia
Comparison to spinal anesthesia All articles in this series: Epidural anaesthesia Application Advantages Comparison to spinal anesthesia
Prognosis The prognosis depends very much on early detection of the disease. Skin anthrax is already clearly visible in its early stages through the strong edema formation as well as through the pustule.If one visits a doctor before the pus can enter the blood vessels, treatment with antibiotics is very efficient and only 1% of … Prognosis | Anthrax
Anthrax is an infectious disease transmitted by spore-forming bacteria. Artiodactyles (horses, goats, sheep, cattle, but also camels or reindeer) are particularly at risk. A transmission from humans to another human is not possible. Since the spleen discolors brown-black if left untreated, the disease is called “anthrax”. The Latin name anthrax is derived from the black … Anthrax
Frequency distribution Anthrax is a rather rare disease, but infections do occur time and again. The most common form is skin anthrax. About 2000 people worldwide are affected by skin anthrax every year. The bacterium of anthrax has also been used as a combat weapon. As a result, numerous residents died of anthrax in an … Frequency distribution | Anthrax
Therapy When treating anthrax, it is crucial to detect the disease as early as possible. Since anthrax is caused by a bacterium, antibiotic therapy is most effective. The antibiotic penicillin has proven to be particularly effective for skin anthrax. Other oral antibiotics such as erythromycin or ciprofloxacin can also help to prevent the fatal consequences … Therapy | Anthrax
