Products Extracts are contained in numerous medicinal products, for example, in tablets, capsules, drops, creams, ointments, and injection solutions (selection). They are also used in the preparation of cosmetics, dietary supplements, foods, and medical devices. Structure and properties Extracts are extracts made with a solvent (= extracting agent) such as water, ethanol, methanol, fatty oils, … Extracts
Products Injection preparations are approved as medicinal products. Structure and properties Injection preparations are sterile solutions, emulsions, or suspensions prepared by dissolving, emulsifying, or suspending the active ingredient and excipients in water or a suitable nonaqueous liquid (e.g., fatty oils). Compared with infusions, these are usually small volumes in the range of less than a … Injections
Products Poloxamers are present as excipients in many drugs, for example, in tablets, granules, creams, suspensions, and injection solutions. Structure and properties Poloxamers are synthetic block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. Depending on the type, they have different properties: Poloxamer 124 exists as a colorless liquid. Poloxamers 188, 237, 338, 407 are white … Poloxamers
Products Gold compounds are commercially available (worldwide) in the form of capsules and injection solutions (e.g., Ridaura, Tauredon), among others. They are rarely used medicinally today. Structure and properties Elemental gold (Latin: aurum, abbreviation: Au, M. r = 96.97 g/mol, atomic number 79) is a chemical element and a lustrous noble metal with a yellow … Gold
Products Sodium acetate is found as an excipient in pharmaceuticals, especially in liquid dosage forms such as injectable solutions. It is also added to foods. Structure and properties Sodium acetate is present as sodium acetate trihydrate (C2H3NaO2 – 3 H2O, Mr = 136.1 g/mol) is present, colorless crystals with a slight odor of vinegar, which … Sodium Acetate
Products Insulins are primarily commercially available in the form of clear injection solutions and turbid injection suspensions (vials, cartridges for pens, ready-to-use pens). In some countries, inhalation preparations are also available. However, these are an exception. Insulins should be stored in a refrigerator at 2 to 8°C (see under Refrigerated Storage). They must not be … Insulins
Products Ephedrine is commercially available in many countries in the form of injectable solutions, in combination cold remedies, and in veterinary medicines. Structure and properties Ephedrine (C10H15NO, Mr = 165.2 g/mol) is commonly present in drugs as ephedrine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder or colorless crystals that are readily soluble in water. Other salts are … Ephedrine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products N-acetylcysteine is found in numerous products, including ACC Sandoz (formerly ACC eco), Ecomucyl, Fluimucil, Mucostop, and Solmucol. The original Fluimucil was first approved in many countries in 1966. Acetylcysteine is usually administered perorally in the form of effervescent tablets, lozenges, lingual tablets, powders, granules, capsules or syrups. Injection solutions, ampoules for aerosol devices, and … N-Acetylcysteine
Products Trometamol is found as an excipient in drugs, for example, in liquid and semisolid dosage forms. It should not be confused with triethanolamine (trolamine). Structure and properties Trometamol (C4H11NO3, Mr = 121.1 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder or as colorless crystals and is readily soluble in water. It contains both hydroxyl groups … Trometamol
Products Chlorobutanol is used as an excipient in pharmaceuticals. Structure and properties Chlorobutanol (C4H7Cl3O, Mr = 177.5 g/mol) exists as a white, crystalline and easily sublimable powder or as colorless crystals and is sparingly soluble in water. The pharmacopoeia defines anhydrous chlorobutanol and chlorobutanol hemihydrate (- 0.5 H2O). Effects Chlorobutanol (ATC A04AD04) has antibacterial, antifungal, … Chlorobutanol
Products Lidocaine is found in lozenges, bronchial pastilles, oral and throat sprays, injectable solutions, creams, gels, oral gels, ointments, and suppositories, among other products. Structure and properties Lidocaine (C14H22N2O, Mr = 234.3 g/mol) is usually present in drugs as lidocaine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is very soluble in water. It is an amide-type … Lidocaine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
