Products Local anesthetics are commercially available as injectables, in the form of creams, ointments, gels, plasters, lozenges, throat sprays, and gargle solutions, among others (selection). The first active ingredient from this group was cocaine, used in the 19th century by Carl Koller and Sigmund Freud; see also Sigmund Freud and cocaine. Local anesthetics are also … Local Anesthetics Effects and Side Effects
Products Bupivacaine is commercially available as a solution for injection. It has been approved in many countries since 1968. Levobupivacaine, an enantiomer of bupivacaine, is also commercially available. Structure and properties Bupivacaine (C18H28N2O, Mr = 288.4 g/mol) is a racemate. Bupivacaine hydrochloride it exists as a white crystalline powder or in the form of colorless … Bupivacaine
Products In many countries, finished medicines containing cocaine are currently no longer commercially available. However, they can be prepared as an extemporaneous prescription in a pharmacy. Cocaine is subject to the Narcotics Act and requires an aggravated prescription, but it is not banned as a drug. It is also sold as an illegal narcotic on … Cocaine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Symptoms Sunburn manifests itself as an extensive reddening of the skin (erythema), as a 1st degree burn with pain, burning, itching, tightening of the skin and, in severe cases, additionally with skin blisters (transition to a 2nd degree burn). It develops continuously over several hours and reaches a maximum after 12 to 24 hours. The … Sunburn Causes and Remedies
Symptoms Shortly after an injection, some patients may experience the following symptoms: Pallor Malaise Dry mouth Cold sweat Low blood pressure Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion Nausea Fainting, syncope (short-lasting circulatory collapse). Convulsions (seizures) ECG changes Falls, accidents These disorders occur, for example, shortly after a vaccination, after parenteral administration of drugs, during acupuncture or blood sampling. … Fear of Injections
Symptoms Hemorrhoids are dilations of the vascular cushions in the anal canal. Possible symptoms include: Bleeding, blood on the toilet paper Pressure discomfort, pain, burning, itching. Unpleasant feeling Inflammation, swelling, skin inflammation. Discharge of mucus, oozing Prolapse, protrusion outside the anus (prolapse). Hemorrhoids can be classified according to various criteria. Common is the classification according … Hemorrhoids Causes and Treatment
Symptoms Globus syndrome1 manifests as the sensation of having a lump, foreign body, uncomfortable feeling, or tightness/pressure in the throat. On medical examination, no foreign body or tissue overgrowth can be detected. The discomfort occurs primarily with empty swallowing and improves with eating or drinking. Difficulty swallowing and pain, on the other hand, do not … Globe Syndrome
Products Some drugs are commercially available as mouthwashes. A selection of the active ingredients they contain is listed below: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea, mallow. Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Structure and properties Mouthwashes are liquid dosage forms for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients into the mouth and throat. They … Mouthwashes
Products Mouth gels are available in pharmacies and drugstores from a variety of suppliers. Structure and properties An oral gel is a gel, that is, a gelled liquid prepared with appropriate gelling agents, which is intended for use in the oral cavity. The active ingredients it contains include, for example: Salicylates such as choline salicylate … Mouth Gels
Symptoms Oral mucositis manifests as redness, swelling, pain, a burning sensation, aphthae, a white to yellowish coating, sores, ulceration, bleeding, and bad breath, among other symptoms. The tongue and gums may also be affected. The discomfort may increase in association with eating. Sores can be so painful that food intake is limited, which can lead … Oral Mucositis
Products Nyaope is illegally traded and consumed in South Africa. Structure and properties Nyaope consists of cheap heroin mixed or cut with other psychoactive substances, drugs, and technical substances. These include, for example, amphetamines, local anesthetics, HIV drugs, dextromethorphan, rat poison, and swimming pool cleaner. Abuse As a euphoric intoxicant. Dosage Nyaope is usually smoked … Nyaope
Symptoms Anal fissure is a tear or cut in the skin of the anal canal. This results in severe pain that occurs during and up to several hours after defecation. It may radiate locally and be accompanied by an uncomfortable itching sensation. Fresh blood can often be seen on toilet paper or stool. Causes Possible … Anal Fissure: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Causes and Treatment
