Products Alizapride is commercially available in tablet form and as a solution for injection (Vergentan). The drug is not registered in many countries. Structure and properties Alizapride (C16H21N5O2, Mr = 315.4 g/mol) is structurally related to metoclopramide. Effects Alizapride (ATC A03FA05) has prokinetic and antiemetic properties. The effects are due to antagonism at dopamine receptors … Alizapride
What is a PONV? PONV is the abbreviation for postoperative nausea and vomiting and describes nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia. Besides postoperative pain, PONV is one of the most common complaints after surgery. Every third person suffers from it. If a person is prone to nausea, the probability of developing PONV again under further … PONV
Complications Since immediately after general anesthesia the protective reflexes, especially the swallowing and coughing reflex, have not yet fully returned, vomit can be swallowed and enter the lungs. The acidic stomach contents can damage the lung tissue, obstruct the airways and trigger pneumonia. The increase in pressure in the abdominal cavity during vomiting can cause … Complications | PONV
The prophylaxis If a PONV is known in a patient, the anesthesia procedure may be changed. The risk of developing PONV under general anesthesia is 10 times higher than under regional anesthesia. The use of anaesthetics administered through the vein (e.g. Propofol) reduces the risk of PONV up to 20%. Measures to save opioids, e.g. … The prophylaxis | PONV
Symptoms Acute diarrhea is defined as frequent bowel movements with a liquid or mushy stool consistency (≥ 3 voidings within 24 hours, stool weight > 200 g/day). It usually does not last longer than a week and often passes on its own. If it lasts longer than two weeks, it is referred to as a … Acute Diarrhea
Symptoms Dyspepsia is a digestive disorder that manifests itself in symptoms such as a feeling of fullness after eating, early satiety, upper abdominal pain, malaise, and burning in the stomach. Other digestive symptoms such as flatulence, nausea and vomiting may also occur. Causes Dyspepsia is divided into two categories. In so-called functional dyspepsia, no organic … Dyspepsia
Products Serotonin receptor antagonists are commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets, melting tablets, soft capsules, as syrups, and as infusion/injection preparations. This article refers to the setrone (5-HT3 receptor antagonists), which are used as antiemetics. The first agent from this group to be approved in the United States was ondansetron (Zofran) in 1991, … Serotonin Antagonists (Setrone)
Symptoms Possible symptoms of gastritis include a feeling of pressure and fullness, pain in the upper abdomen, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting. Bleeding may occur. Symptoms may worsen or improve after eating. Possible complications include a chronic course, stomach and intestinal ulcers, bleeding, gastric rupture, stomach cancer, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Medical attention should … Gastritis
Products Metoclopramide is commercially available in tablet, solution, and solution for injection (Primpéran, Paspertin). It has been approved in many countries since 1967. The drops and suppositories for children were withdrawn from the market in November 2011 because of the risk for extrapyramidal side effects. Structure and properties Metoclopramide (C14H22ClN3O2, Mr = 299.8 g/mol) is … Metoclopramide
Products Tolterodine is commercially available in the form of sustained-release capsules (Detrusitol SR). It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Its successor product, fesoterodine (Toviaz), was launched in 2008 and desfesoterodine (Tovedeso) in 2019. A non-retarded preparation is also commercially available in the United States (Detrol). Structure and properties Tolterodine (C22H31NO, Mr = … Tolterodine
In many cases, it can be useful to stop nausea and vomiting with effective means and thus bring about an immediate improvement in the condition. However, treatment with antiemetics is not always indicated, which is why the cause of the disorder should be clarified first. What are antiemetics? Antiemetics are a group of medications that … Antiemetics: Effects, Uses & Risks
Symptoms Nausea is an unpleasant and painless sensation that can lead to vomiting. Vomiting is an autonomic response of the body in which the stomach contents are expelled through the mouth with contraction of the muscles. Its primary purpose is to protect the body from toxic and inedible foods and harmful substances. Nausea may be … Nausea and Vomiting
