The pupillometer is a pupillometry instrument that determines the width and light responsiveness of the pupils. Pupillometers are especially important before eye refractive surgery because they can determine the laser range on the cornea. Because pupil width is also relevant from neurological and psychological perspectives, pupillometry also helps these disciplines. What is a pupillometer? A … Pupillometer: Application & Health Benefits
Anticholinergics are widely used in medicine because of their effect in the parasympathetic nervous system. However, the side effects should not be underestimated. What are anticholinergics? Anticholinergics, for example, cause a decrease in bowel activity. Anticholinergics are substances that inhibit the main neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. As a part of the autonomic … Anticholinergics: Effect, Uses & Risks
Synonyms in a broader sense Hanging, upper eyelid; Greek lowering, falling down Definition Ptosis is not a disease in itself, but a symptom that can have various causes. It can be recognized by the fact that the upper eyelid of one or both eyes, despite the patient’s attempt to open the eyes wide, protrudes so … Ptosis
Frequency A congenital ptosis is very rare and usually unilateral, but not further quantified in the literature. The frequency of ptosis forms of other causes depends on the disease causing it (ptosis) Causes of ptosis The causes of ptosis are manifold. They may be congenital or may have developed in the course of life, which … Frequency | Ptosis
Which doctor treats ptosis? As already explained in the section “Treatment of Ptosis“, ptosis is treated either with medication or surgery. The medication is prescribed by the ophthalmologist. However, if the ophthalmologist determines that the medication is not improving or that surgery is inevitable, then an eye surgeon must perform the operation. The ophthalmologist in … Which doctor treats ptosis? | Ptosis
Synonyms retinal tumor What is a retinoblastoma? A retinoblastoma is a tumor of the retina (at the back of the eye). This tumor is genetic, i.e. hereditary. It usually occurs in childhood and is malignant. How common is retinoblastoma? Retinoblastoma is a congenital tumor or it develops in early childhood. It is the most common … Retinoblastoma
How is a retinoblastoma inherited? There are two different types of retinoblastoma. On the one hand the sporadic (occasionally occurring) retinoblastoma, which occurs in 40% of cases. This leads to different changes (mutations) in the affected gene and finally to the formation of a retinoblastoma. This usually occurs only on one side and is not … How is a retinoblastoma inherited? | Retinoblastoma
Synonyms Outward rotation of the eyelid, drooping eyelid of the eye Definition As with entropion, this is also a malposition of the eyelid. Here, however, not inward (entropion) but outward (ectropion). In addition, the lower eyelid is almost always affected by ectropion. The eyelid is rolled outwards and often the inside of the eyelid is … Ectropion on the eye
What are the causes of ectropion? There are several factors that can cause ectropion. Most often, the ectropion is caused by a too low muscle tension (tone) of the eye ring muscle (Musculus orbicularis oculi), which causes the eyelid to roll outwards and droop. Since this muscle is controlled by the facial nerve, paralysis of … What are the causes of ectropion? | Ectropion on the eye
Prismatic film finds application in an area of ophthalmology. What is a prismatic film? What types are there? What is their mode of operation and what are their benefits? That’s what we’re going to talk about here. What is a prismatic film? Prismatic films find application in a field of ophthalmology. A prismatic film is … Prismatic Film: Applications & Health Benefits
General information The upper eyelid is lifted by two different muscles together, thus opening the eye, the musculus levator palpebrae superioris (involuntarily innervated by the nervus oculomotorius) and the musculus tarsalis (involuntarily innervated by the sympathetic nervous system). The latter works noticeably less in cases of fatigue, as the activity of the sympathetic nervous system … Causes of ptosis
Sympathetic ptosis The term sympathetic ptosis is used when the sympathetic nervous system (involuntary/vegetative nervous system) that controls the tarsalis muscle is damaged originally or on its way to the eye. This takes a complicated course, starting from the spinal cord at the level of the thoracic vertebrae, where a direct switch takes place and … Sympathetic ptosis | Causes of ptosis
