Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Otoscopy(ear examination) [usually unremarkable, may be able to detect through the tympanic membranethe active reddish focus of otosclerosis (as a so-called Schwartz sign; hyperemia (increased blood flow) of the promontory (anatomical structure in the tympanic cavity of the middle ear)]. Tone audiometry – testing of hearing with the measurement of volumes … Otosclerosis: Diagnostic Tests
1st order Staple surgery: Partial or complete surgical removal of the stapes: Stapedotomy (partial stapes removal) [gold standard]. Stapedectomy (stapes removal). Stapes replacement prostheses Note: Hearing improvement sought through surgery cannot be guaranteed to the patient preoperatively! Possible complications of stapesplasty Complete deafness (due to surgical work on the entry port to the inner ear!). … Otosclerosis: Surgical Therapy
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate otosclerosis: Leading symptoms Gradual onset of conductive hearing loss in the low frequencies; hearing is better in noisy environments than at rest; onset usually unilateral Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) If necessary, sensorineural hearing loss If applicable, vertigo (dizziness) Note: The disease can affect one or both ears … Otosclerosis: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) The cause of otosclerosis has not been conclusively determined. The disease runs in families. Otosclerosis results in bone remodeling processes at the ossicles with fixation of the stapes at the oval window. The result is a conductive hearing loss (middle ear hearing loss). If the otosclerosis affects the cochlea (snail), a … Otosclerosis: Causes
Medical aids Hearing aids to improve hearing (as an alternative to stapesplasty).
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Inflammatory diagnostics – in case of fever above 38.3 °C, severe symptoms, increase of symptoms during the course of the disease, threatening complications CRP (C-reactive protein); more appropriate is the determination of procalcitonin, which allows some differentiation of bacterial and viral infections. Leukocytes (white blood … Sinusitis: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic targets Elimination of the pathogens Avoidance of complications Therapy recommendations Sinusitis Acute bacterial sinusitis should be treated with antibiotics only in the presence of fever above 38.3°C, severe symptoms (alternatively, a secretion detection on imaging), increase in symptoms during the course of the disease, impending complications, and in immunosuppressed patients. The following therapy is … Sinusitis: Drug Therapy
The diagnosis of acute sinusitis or acute rhinosinusitis (ARS; simultaneous inflammation of the nasal mucosa (“rhinitis”) and inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses (“sinusitis“)) is initially made clinically on the basis of typical symptoms and clinical findings. Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics … Sinusitis: Diagnostic Tests
Within the framework of micronutrient medicine (vital substances), the following vital substances (micronutrients) are used for prophylaxis (prevention). Since sinusitis is an inflammatory process, vitamin C can have a preventive and immune-strengthening effect Zinc Probiotics Within the framework of micronutrient medicine (vital substances), the following vital substances (micronutrients) are used for therapy. Probiotics Sinusitis may … Sinusitis: Micronutrient Therapy
In chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), surgical intervention is indicated when symptom improvement cannot be achieved with conservative measures. In severe cases of disease, puncture of the maxillary sinus followed by irrigation may be required. Children who have chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) but no longer respond to pharmacotherapy benefit from sinus balloon catheter dilation (SBCD) in the same … Sinusitis: Surgical Therapy
To prevent sinusitis (inflammation of the paranasal sinuses/mucosa) or rhinosinusitis (simultaneous inflammation of the nasal mucosa (“rhinitis”) and inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses (“sinusitis“)), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Malnutrition and undernutrition – can lead to immunodeficiency (immune deficiency). Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – … Sinusitis: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate acute sinusitis (sinusitis/inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses) or acute rhinosinusitis (ARS; simultaneous inflammation of the nasal mucosa (“rhinitis”) and inflammation of the mucosa of the paranasal sinuses (“sinusitis”); or an episode of recent ARS): Anterior and/or posterior secretion (discharge of secretions via the pharynx and/or … Sinusitis: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs