Products Azathioprine is commercially available as film-coated tablets and as a lyophilizate (Imurek, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1965. Structure and properties Azathioprine (C9H7N7O2S, Mr = 277.3 g/mol) is a nitromidazole derivative of mercaptopurine. It exists as a pale yellow powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Azathioprine (ATC L04AX01) … Azathioprine (Imuran)
Products Amoxicillin is commercially available in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, dispersible tablets, as powder or granules for the preparation of a suspension, as an infusion and injection preparation, and as a veterinary drug. In addition to the original Clamoxyl, numerous generics are available today. Amoxicillin was launched in 1972 and has been approved … Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
Products Benzbromarone was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 2003 because of its hepatotoxicity. Desuric and other drugs are no longer available. It is still available in other countries. The withdrawal was not without controversy (Jansen, 2004). Structure and properties Benzobromarone (C17H12Br2O3, Mr = 424.1 g/mol) is a derivative of khellin. It exists … Benzbromarone
Allopurinol is used to treat chronic gout disease. The active ingredient ensures that the uric acid concentration in the blood is lowered. As a result, the drug can prevent an acute attack of gout. Allopurinol is considered to be well tolerated, but side effects may occur during use. The most common complaints include gastrointestinal problems … How Allopurinol Works against Gout
Products Febuxostat is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Adenuric). It was approved in many countries in 2016. It was registered in the EU in 2008 and in the US in 2009 (US: Uloric). Structure and properties Febuxostat (C16H16N2O3S, Mr = 316.4 g/mol), unlike allopurinol, does not have a purine structure. It is … Febuxostat
Products Capecitabine is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Xeloda, generic). It has been approved in many countries since 1998. Structure and properties Capecitabine (C15H22FN3O6, Mr = 359.4 g/mol) is a prodrug and is converted to the cell-toxic 5-fluorouracil, the active drug, in a three-step process. Capecitabine exists as a white crystalline powder … Capecitabine
Elimination at the kidney The kidneys, along with the liver, play a central role in the elimination of pharmaceutical agents. They can be filtered at the glomerulus of the nephron, actively secreted at the proximal tubule, and reabsorbed at various tubular segments. In renal insufficiency, these processes are impaired. This may result in a renally … Dose Adjustment in Renal Insufficiency
Products Lesinurad was approved in the US in 2015, in the EU in 2016, and in many countries in 2017 in film-coated tablet form (Zurampic). A fixed-dose combination with allopurinol was released in the US in 2017 (Duzallo), in the EU in 2018, and in many countries in 2019. Structure and properties Lesinurad (C17H14BrN3O2S, Mr … Lesinurad
Products Methotrexate is commercially available as a solution for parenteral use and in tablet form. See also under methotrexate prefilled syringe (low-dose). Structure and properties Methotrexate (C20H22N8O5, Mr = 454.44 g/mol) is a dicarboxylic acid that exists as a yellow to orange crystalline powder that is virtually insoluble in water. Methotrexate was developed as a … Methotrexate: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Poducts Mercaptopurine is commercially available in tablet and oral suspension form (Puri-Nethol, Xaluprine). The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1955. Structure and properties Mercaptopurine (C5H4N4S – H2O, Mr = 170.2 g/mol) exists as a yellow crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is an analog of the purine bases … Mercaptopurine
Symptoms Gout is an inflammatory disease of the joints that manifests acutely in attacks of severe pain that worsens with pressure, touch, and movement. The joints are swollen with inflammation, and the skin is red and warm. Fever is observed. Gout often begins in the lower extremities and at the metatarsophalangeal joint (podagra). Urat crystals … Gout Causes and Treatment
Phenprocoumon is the active ingredient in Marcumar. It is a chemical substance from the group of coumarins. Representatives of this class of substances have anticoagulant properties, so they are important as active pharmaceutical ingredients. They are used as a drug for thrombosis prophylaxis. What is phenprocoumon? Phenprocoumon is the active ingredient in Marcumar. It is … Phenprocoumon: Effects, Uses & Risks
