To prevent food allergy, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Unilateral overeating Spices – substance that promotes absorption. Consumption of stimulants Alcohol – substance that promotes resorption Tobacco (smoking) Passive smoking in the womb and in early childhood → risk increase for sensitization to food at ages 4, … Food Allergy: Prevention
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism (hypothyroidism). Family history Are there any diseases in your family that are common? What is the general health of your family members? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic medical history (somatic and psychological complaints). Do you have/had muscle spasms/muscle cramps? When did … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Medical History
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes Hair [due tosecondary disease: alopecia (hair loss)] Nails [due tosecondary disease: brittle nails] Extremities [obstetric position of the lower extremities; due tosequelae: brachymetacarpy (shortening of single … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Examination
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes, mouth, throat, and tongue [maculopapular (fine-spotted) exanthema (begins on neck and extends to extremities (hands and feet are left out); after exanthema disappears, … Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina): Examination
Stool examination (synonym: stool inspection) involves assessing the color and shape of the stool. These can provide valuable information about the health of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Stool color Chair color Causes Yellow-brown Normal stool color (due to stercobilin/stercobilin), the more meat food the darker Yellowish Normal stool color in infants; in breast milk stools: … Chair Viewing
Therapeutic targets Normalization of serum calcium as well as serum phosphate levels. Freedom from symptoms Therapy recommendations For tetany (to stop muscle spasms): 20 ml calcium gluconate solution 10% (slow i.v. injection). Caveat: If the patient is taking digitalis (antiarrhythmic drug), do not administer calcium i.v., because calcium and digitalis act synergistically! If the etiology … Hypothyroidism (Hypoparathyroidism): Drug Therapy
Therapeutic targets Elimination of the pathogens Avoidance of complications Therapy recommendations Antibiosis (antibiotic therapy). Symptomatic therapy (analgesics/painkillers, antiemetics/anti-nausea and anti-nausea drugs, if necessary). See also under “Further therapy“. Antibiotics Antibiotics are drugs that are administered when an infection with a bacterium is present. They act either bacteriostatic, by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, or bactericidal, … Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina): Drug Therapy
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Family history What is the current health status of your family members? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What are the presenting symptoms? Shortness of breath* Pulse racing* Disturbances of consciousness* such as … Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS): Medical History
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS): Blood, blood-forming organs – Immune system (D50-D90). Coagulation disorders → bleeding/increased clotting (disseminated intravascular coagulation; disseminated intravascular coagulation, DIC syndrome, for short; consumption coagulopathy). Cardiovascular System (I00-I99). Disorders of cardiovascular function Hypotension – too low … Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS): Complications
General measures Root Cause Remediation: Stool regulation Sitz baths (increase patient comfort but are not thought to affect healing rates). Aim for normal weight! Determination of BMI (body mass index, body mass index) or body composition by means of electrical impedance analysis and, if necessary, participation in a medically supervised weight loss program. Conventional non-surgical … Anal Fissure: Therapy
1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count [platelets (thrombocytes) ↓] Inflammatory parameter – PCT (procalcitonin)/Guidelines recommend determination of PCT [procalcitonin increases within a few hours (2-3 h) and reaches its maximum after only 24 hours; PCT concentrations: <0.5 ng/mL exclude severe sepsis or septic shock with high probability > 2 ng/mL make severe sepsis … Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS): Test and Diagnosis
To make the diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), two of the following criteria must be met: Leading symptoms Respiratory insufficiency (limitation of breathing) with one of the following criteria: Arterial partial pressure of oxygen <70 mmHg during spontaneous breathing. Horowitz index (oxygenation index; paO2/FiO2 < 175 mmHg) – index that provides information about … Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
