Products Ibandronate is commercially available as film-coated tablets (monthly tablets containing 150 mg of ibandronic acid) and as a solution for injection (Bonviva, generics). The daily tablets containing 2.5 mg of active ingredient are no longer available. This article refers to oral and monthly osteoporosis therapy. Ibandronate is also used in tumor treatment. Ibandronate was … Ibandronate
Background Opioids have been used as painkillers for thousands of years. Initially in the form of opium, the dried milky sap of the opium poppy L. (Papaveraceae). In the early 19th century, the pure opium alkaloid morphine was isolated for the first time and later administered with the newly invented hypodermic needle. In the 20th … Opioids: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Osilodrostate was approved in many countries, in the EU and in the US in 2020 in the form of film-coated tablets (Isturisa). Structure and properties Osilodrostat (C13H10FN3, Mr = 227.24 g/mol) is present in the drug as osilodrostat phosphate. Effects Osilodrostate (ATC H02CA02) inhibits the biosynthesis of cortisol. The effects are due to inhibition … Osilodrostatic
Products Fremanezumab was approved in the United States in 2018 and in the EU and Switzerland in 2019 as a solution for injection for subcutaneous use (Ajovy). Structure and properties Fremanezumab is a humanized IgG2Δa/kappa monoclonal antibody directed against CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide). The antibody is produced by biotechnological methods, consists of 1324 amino acids, … Fremanezumab
Products Available dosage forms include tablets, powders and granules for the preparation of oral suspensions, injectables, and topical medications. Erythromycin was the first active ingredient from this group to be discovered in the 1950s. Structure and properties Erythromycin is a natural substance produced by the bacterium (formerly: ). Other agents such as clarithromycin are derived … Macrolides: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Pralatrexate is commercially available as an infusion solution (Folotyn). It has been approved in many countries since 2013. Structure and properties Pralatrexate (C23H23N7O5, Mr = 477.5 g/mol) is a folic acid analog and exists as a racemate. It is a white to yellow substance that is soluble in water. Effects Pralatrexate (ATC L01BA05) has … Pralatrexate
Products Alpelisib was approved in the United States in 2019 and in many countries in 2020 in film-coated tablet form (Piqray). Structure and properties Alpelisib (C19H22F3N5O2S, Mr = 441.5 g/mol) exists as a white powder. Effects Alpelisib (ATC L01XX65) has antiproliferative and antitumor properties. The effects are due to inhibition of the α-subunit of phosphatidylinositol … Alpelisib
Products Alpha blockers are available in many countries in the form of tablets, sustained-release tablets, capsules, and sustained-release capsules. The most commonly prescribed today is tamsulosin (Pradif T, generic). Alpha blocker is short for alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist. Structure and properties The first alpha blockers-alfuzosin, doxazosin, and terazosin-were developed as derivatives of quinazoline: Effects Alpha blockers (ATC … Alpha Blocker
Products Aromatase inhibitors are commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets and coated tablets. The first third-generation agent to be approved in many countries was anastrozole in 1996 (Arimidex, USA 1995). Other drugs are available today. The active ingredients available today all belong to the third generation. Earlier agents such as aminoglutethimide and formestane … Aromatase Inhibitors
Products The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are mainly taken in the form of film-coated tablets or capsules. In addition, other dosage forms such as dispersible tablets, melting tablets and drops are available. Zimelidin was the first to be developed in the 1970s and was approved in the early 1980s. Sales had to be discontinued … Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
Products Avibactam was approved in the United States in 2015, in the EU in 2016, and in many countries in 2019 in fixed combination with the cephalosporin ceftazidime as a powder for a concentrate for solution for infusion (Zavicefta). Structure and properties Avibactam (C7H11N3O6S, Mr = 265.25 g/mol), unlike other beta-lactamase inhibitors, is not itself … Avibactam
Products Alirocumab was approved in the United States in 2015 as the first agent in the group of PCSK9 inhibitors in the form of a solution for injection (Praluent). Evolocumab (Repatha) followed as the second agent in the EU, also in 2015. Structure and properties PCSK9 inhibitors to date are monoclonal antibodies that must be … PCSK9 Inhibitors
