Neutrophilia refers to an above-normal number of neutrophil granulocytes (neutrophils) in the blood. Neutrophilia is one of several possible forms of leukocytosis, which is commonly used to describe an increase in white blood cells, which include neutrophils. There are many endogenous and exogenous factors, including immune responses, that cause a temporary or permanent excess of … Neutrophilia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Bone marrow is not only a substance which performs a very crucial, even vital function in the organism. Bone marrow is considered a delicacy by many people, rich in energy, especially fat. In addition, in the case of diseases of the bone marrow, there are significant health consequences. What is bone marrow? Behind the somewhat … Bone Marrow: Structure, Function & Diseases
Splenic infarction can be the result of various underlying diseases, such as leukemia or heart disease such as atrial fibrillation. In these cases, blood vessels in the spleen become blocked, leading to impaired blood flow and eventual death of cells in the spleen due to lack of oxygen. What is splenic infarction? Splenic infarction is … Splenic Infarction: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Erythromelalgia is a rare circulatory disorder that is associated with seizure-like recurring painful swelling in the legs, feet, arms, and/or hands. Men and women can be equally affected by erythromelalgia. What is erythromelalgia? Erythromelalgia is the name given to a rare neuro-vascular disorder and functional circulatory disorder associated with seizure-like painful hyperemia (increased blood flow) … Erythromelalgia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Products Dasatinib is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Sprycel). It has been approved in many countries since 2007. Generic versions were registered in 2020. Structure and properties Dasatinib (C22H26ClN7O2S, Mr = 488.0 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is insoluble in water. It is an aminopyrimidine derivative. Effects Dasatinib (ATC L01XE06) … Dasatinib
Products Hydroxycarbamide is commercially available in the form of capsules (Litalir, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Hydroxycarbamide (CH4N2O2, Mr = 76.1 g/mol) is a hydroxylated urea (-hydroxyurea). It exists as a white, crystalline, hygroscopic powder that is readily soluble in water. Effects Hydroxycarbamide (ATC L01XX05) is cytostatic. … Hydroxycarbamide
Products Nilotinib is commercially available in capsule form (Tasigna). It has been approved in many countries since 2007. Structure and properties Nilotinib (C28H22F3N7O, Mr = 529.5 g/mol) is present in the drug product as nilotinib hydrochloride monohydrate, a white to slightly yellowish or greenish-yellow powder. The aminopyrimidine is structurally closely related to its precursor imatinib … Nilotinib
Products Lenograstim is commercially available as an injection/infusion preparation (Granocyte). It has been approved in many countries since 1993. Structure and properties Lenograstim is a protein of 174 amino acids produced by biotechnology. The sequence corresponds to human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Unlike filgrastim, lenograstim is identical to G-CSF and is glycosylated. Effects Lenograstim (ATC … Lenograstim
Background Kinases (phosphotransferases) are a large family of enzymes involved in the transduction and amplification of signals on and in cells. They exert their effects by phosphorylating their substrates, that is, by adding a phosphate group to the molecules (Figure). Kinases have complicated names that are usually abbreviated: ALK, AXL, BCR-ABL, c-Kit, c-Met, ERBB, EGFR, … Kinase Inhibitors
Poducts Mercaptopurine is commercially available in tablet and oral suspension form (Puri-Nethol, Xaluprine). The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1955. Structure and properties Mercaptopurine (C5H4N4S – H2O, Mr = 170.2 g/mol) exists as a yellow crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is an analog of the purine bases … Mercaptopurine
Products Tioguanine is commercially available in tablet form (Lanvis). It has been approved in many countries since 1973. Structure and properties Tioguanine (C5H5N5S, Mr = 167.2 g/mol) is a 6-thiol analog of guanine. Effects Tioguanine (ATC L01BB03) has cytotoxic properties as a purine antimetabolite. Indications For the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Other indications include … Tioguanin
Products Interferon alfa-2b was commercially available as a drug for injection or infusion (Intron-A). It was approved in many countries as of 1998. In other countries, the drug remains available. Structure and properties Interferon alfa-2b is a recombinant, water-soluble protein obtained from a -strain by biotechnological methods. It consists of 165 amino acids and has … Interferon Alfa-2B
