vital substance additional requirements by drugs

Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Prevention

To prevent xerostomia (dry mouth), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors.Behavioral risk factors Mouth breathing Stress Medication ACE inhibitors (benazepril, captopril, cilazapril, enalapril, fosinopril, imidapril, lisinopril, moexipril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, spirapril, trandolapril, zofenopril). Alpha-2 agonists (apraclonidine, brimonidine, clonidine). Alpha-1 receptor blockers (bunazosin, doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin). Anorectic (sibutramine). Anti-allergic (H1 antihistamines) Anticholinergics (ipratropium … Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Prevention

Fever: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may occur along with fever: Leading symptoms Vasoconstriction (vasoconstriction) in the hands and feet. Freezing Muscle tremor Sweating (hot, very red skin, glassy eyes in high fever). Vasodilation (vasodilatation) Associated symptoms General feeling of illness Anorexia (loss of appetite) Headache* Pain in the limbs* Febrile convulsions especially in infants and … Fever: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Subdural Hematoma: Test and Diagnosis

Laboratory parameters of 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count [anemia due to intracranial hemorrhage] Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Coagulation parameters – activated partial thrombin plastin time (aPTT), anti-factor Xa activity (aXa), ecarin clotting time (ECT), INR (International Normalized Ratio), Quick value, thrombin time (TC). Laboratory … Subdural Hematoma: Test and Diagnosis

Concussion (Commotio Cerebri): Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of commotio cerebri (concussion). Family history Social history Current anamnesis/systemic anamnesis (somatic and psychological complaints). What symptoms have you noticed? Can you remember a triggering event (accident)? Do you suffer from headaches, dizziness and/or nausea? Were you unconscious?* If so, can anyone tell … Concussion (Commotio Cerebri): Medical History

Bone Tumors: Diagnostic Tests

Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Sonography (ultrasound examination) Conventional X-ray of the affected body region, in two planes – to assess the extent of tumor growth and possibly also the type, as well as its dignity (biological behavior of tumors; i.e., whether they are benign (benign) or malignant (malignant)); blurred defects in the bone substance indicate … Bone Tumors: Diagnostic Tests

Giant Cell Arteritis: Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target Avoidance of complications Note: Clinical suspicion of giant cell arteritis is an immediate indication for treatment because of the imminent risk of irreversible visual loss (vision loss)! Therapy recommendations Steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy (anti-inflammatory therapy with glucocorticoids): Giant cell arteritis: prednisolone (glucocorticoids), initially 1 mg/kg bw/d (max 60 mg), then reduction. Amaurosis fugax (transient … Giant Cell Arteritis: Drug Therapy

Flavor Enhancer

Flavor enhancers are food additives that enhance the flavor of foods without having a distinct odor or taste of their own. They come predominantly from the group of organic substances. They are preferably used in foods that have partially lost their own flavor components due to processing (freezing, heating, drying). Due to their properties, flavor … Flavor Enhancer

Color Vision Disorders: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Achromatopsia or achondroplasia – total color blindness, meaning that no colors can be perceived, only contrasts (light-dark). Deuteranomalie (green weakness). Deuteranopia (green blindness) Acquired color vision disorders Complete color blindness Protanomaly (red deficiency) Protanopia (red blindness Tritanomaly (blue-yellow weakness) Tritanopia (blue blindness)

Disturbance of Intestinal Flora (Dysbiosis): Microbiological Therapy

By means of microbiological therapy – also called symbiosis control – the bacterial balance in the intestine is restored (intestinal rehabilitation) and a healthy intestinal environment is established. This is done by administering probiotics. For the term probiotics (Greek: pro bios – for life) there are currently different definitions. According to the definition by Fuller … Disturbance of Intestinal Flora (Dysbiosis): Microbiological Therapy

Nonossifying Fibroma: Drug Therapy

Therapeutic targets Relief of pain – non-osseous fibroma usually causes pain very rarely. Stabilization of bone sections at risk of fracture Healing Therapy recommendations Analgesia according to WHO staging scheme: Non-opioid analgesic (paracetamol, first-line agent). Low-potency opioid analgesic (e.g., tramadol) + non-opioid analgesic. High-potency opioid analgesic (eg, morphine) + non-opioid analgesic.

Sore Throat: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may occur together with sore throat: Leading symptom Sore throat Associated symptoms General feeling of illness Fever Dysphonia (hoarseness) Irritative cough Dysphagia (swallowing disorder) Warning signs (red flags) Anamnestic information: HIV, gonorrhea, diphtheria (grayish pseudomembranous vouchers whose removal provokes bleeding). Immunosuppression Stridor (whistling breathing sound that occurs on inspiration and/or … Sore Throat: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs