Laryngectomy (laryngectomy) is a surgical therapeutic procedure in otolaryngology in which the human larynx (larynx; ancient Greek λάρυγξ lárynx “throat”) is removed. The reason for laryngectomy in most cases is advanced laryngeal carcinoma (cancer of the larynx) or hypopharyngeal carcinoma (cancer of the pharynx). A laryngectomy is performed when the tumor is already too large … Laryngectomy
The normal prostate gland is created intrauterine (“inside the uterus“) at 12 weeks of gestation, but then remains rudimentary until it continues to develop at puberty under the influence of androgens. Endogenous prostate-related hormones are produced 90% in the testis and 10% in the adrenal cortex. Testosterone is the most important androgen. It is produced … Prostate Cancer: Physiology
Tympanometry refers to the measurement of middle ear pressure using a special device. It is thus used to diagnose changes in the sound-conducting ability of the middle ear. This examination method is one of the standard methods in otolaryngology. Indications (areas of application) Tubal middle ear catarrh (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the ear … Middle Ear Pressure Measurement (Tympanometry)
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by cor pulmonale: Cardiovascular system (I00-I99). Cardiovascular failure Right heart failure (reduced performance of the right heart). Atrial fibrillation (VHF) Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99). Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Edema (water retention) Further Limited life … Cor Pulmonale: Complications
Operative measure – 1st order Thorough surgical sanitation of the wound.
Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of urethral stricture (urethral narrowing). Family history Social history What is your occupation? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What symptoms have you noticed? How long has the symptomatology been present? Do you have pain when urinating? How often do you … Urethral Stricture: Medical History
Pathogenesis (disease development) Giant cell tumor is one of the histiocytic bone tumors. It consists of large, multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, to which it owes its name. Between these giant cells lie the actual tumor cells, namely mesenchymal mononuclear fibroblast-like cells. The mononuclear cells produce large amounts of the so-called RANK ligand (Receptor Activator of … Giant Cell Tumor (Osteoclastoma): Causes
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of latent metabolic (metabolic-related) acidosis. Family history Social history What is your occupation? Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to your family situation? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have you noticed symptoms such as listlessness and … Latent Metabolic Acidosis: Medical History
Congenital malformations, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities (Q00-Q99). Pulmonary AV malformation – malformations in the vascular system of the lungs. Respiratory system (J00-J99 Bronchiectasis (synonym: bronchiectasis) – persistent irreversible saccular or cylindrical dilatation of the bronchi (medium-sized airways) that may be congenital or acquired; symptoms: chronic cough with “mouthful expectoration” (large-volume triple-layered sputum: foam, mucus, and … Bleeding from the Airways: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Renal sonography (ultrasound examination of the kidneys) including sonography of the urinary bladder – to exclude renal/urinary bladder changesNotes: When examining the urinary bladder, it should be well filled (250-300 ml). In this way, irregularities of the urinary bladder surface or exophytic tumors can be well depicted.When examining the kidneys, pay … Blood in Urine (Hematuria): Diagnostic Tests
Goiter (goiter) change therapy goals In an acute attack of gout, the primary goal is to relieve the patient’s discomfort (analgesia) and anti-inflammation (anti-inflammation). In cases of confirmed gout disease, causal uric acid-lowering therapy should be started as soon as possible: The goal is to permanently reduce hyperuricemia and thus prevent a new gout attack … Gout (Hyperuricemia): Drug Therapy
Pathogenesis (development of disease) The vestibular organ is a part of the inner ear. Its function is to control balance (vestibular organ). If there are problems with vestibular organ, dizziness may occur. The vestibular organ consists of three semicircular canals and the two structures called macular organs (saccule and utriculus). The arcades, filled with endolymph, … Disorders of Vestibular Function: Causes
