The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by tuberculosis:
Respiratory system (J00-J99)
- Pleurisy tuberculosa (pleurisy caused by tuberculosis).
- Pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs), caseous
- Respiratory insufficiency (disorder of gas exchange of the lungs):
- Respiratory partial insufficiency: arterial hypoxemia with reduction of partial pressure of oxygen below a threshold of 65-70 mmHg with normal to reduced carbon dioxide.
- Respiratory global insufficiency: here is in addition to respiratory partial insufficiency hypercapnia (increase in carbon dioxide partial pressure > 45 mmHg).
- Spontaneous pneumothorax – pneumothorax (collapse of the lung caused by air accumulation between the pleura visceralis (lung pleura) and the pleura parietalis (pleura)), which occurs without external effects as causes and apparently randomly
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Amyloidosis – extracellular (“outside the cell”) deposits of amyloids (degradation-resistant proteins) that can lead to cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease), neuropathy (peripheral nervous system disease), and hepatomegaly (liver enlargement), among other conditions.
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Bronchial tuberculosis, isolated – many acid-fast rods in sputum (sputum) with unremarkable x-ray.
- Bone tuberculosis – 2-3% of all tuberculosis cases affect the skeletal system, of which about 50-60% affect the spine; peak incidence: 40-60 years of age.
- Miliary tuberculosis – occurrence of tuberculosis in a wide variety of organs after seeding of the pathogens in the bloodstream.
- Tuberculosis recurrence – recurrence of tuberculosis.
- Sepsis (blood poisoning) or Landouzy sepsis (fulminant septic course of tuberculosis, which can occur in the presence of immune deficiency (eg AIDS)).
- Tuberculoma – encapsulated tuberculosis focus, which still contains living pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).
Liver, gallbladder and bile ducts – pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- “Drug-induced liver injury” from long-term therapy for tuberculosis due to hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity) of drugs, especially isoniazid or fluoroquinolones
Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93).
- Abdominal tuberculosis; in about 55-60% of cases as lymph node tuberculosis.
- Sialadenitis (salivary gland inflammation; very rare; 75% involves the parotid gland, 25% the submandibular gland).
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Tuberculous spondylitis (inflammation of the vertebrae) (synonym: spondylitis tuberculosa).
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Cavernous carcinoma – Bronchial carcinoma (lung cancer) originating in the ulcerated wall of a tuberculous pulmonary cavern.
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Depression
- Tuberculous meningitis (meningitis) – the most common neurological manifestation at 70-80%.
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory parameters not elsewhere classified (R00-R99).
- Ascites (abdominal fluid), lymphocytic.
- Cachexia (emaciation; very severe emaciation).
- Pulmonary hemorrhage, with erosion of a pulmonary artery.
Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Urogenital tuberculosis
Prognostic factors
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
- Weight loss or lack of gain despite adequate food intake.
