Effects Beta-blockers (ATC S01ED) lower intraocular pressure. The effects are presumably due to a reduction in aqueous humor secretion. As with systemically administered agents, a distinction is made between selective and nonselective, hydrophilic and lipophilic, and agents with or without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Since the active substances can enter the bloodstream, they have the potential, … Beta Blocker Eye Drops
Effects Carboanhydrase inhibitors on the one hand weakly diuretic, on the other hand lower intraocular pressure. Mechanism of action Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary body decreases aqueous humor secretion. This results in a decrease in intraocular pressure. Indications Glaucoma, ocular hypertension Prophylaxis of altitude sickness Other indications: Oedema, cerebral … Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Products Brinzolamide is form of eye drops commercially available (Azopt) and approved in many countries since 1991. Generic versions were released in 2015. Brinzolamide has also been available in a fixed combination with timolol since 2009 (Azarga). In 2015, a fixed combination with brimonidine was approved; see brinzolamide brimonidine (Simbrinza). Structure and properties Brinzolamide (C12H21N3O5S3, … Brinzolamide
Products Prostaglandin analogues are commercially available in the form of eye drops in vials or as monodoses without preservatives. Latanoprost (Xalatan) was the first agent from this group to be approved in 1996. Prostaglandin analogues are also combined with the beta-blocker timolol fix. Structure and properties Prostaglandin analogs are derivatives of prostaglandin F2α. Except for … Prostaglandin Analogs
Products Timolol is commercially available in the form of eye drops and as an eye gel. In addition to the original Timoptic, generics and various fixed combinations with other antiglaucomatous agents are also commercially available (brinzolamide, brimonidine, dorzolamide, travoprost, latanoprost). Timolol has been approved in many countries since 1978. See also under timolol gel (hemangioma). … Timolol
Products Travoprost is commercially available in the form of eye drops as a monopreparation (Travatan) and as a fixed combination with the beta-blocker timolol (Duotrav). It was approved in many countries in 2002. Generic versions were first released in 2016 and went on sale in 2017. Structure and properties Travoprost (C26H35F3O6, Mr = 500.55 g/mol) … Travoprost
Products Pilocarpine eye drops have been approved in many countries since 1960 (Spersacarpine). The combination with carteolol is off-label (Arteopilo). See also under pilocarpine tablets. Structure and properties Pilocarpine (C11H16N2O2, 208.26 g/mol) is present in the drops as pilocarpine hydrochloride, a white powder or colorless crystals that are very soluble in water. Pilocarpine is an … Pilocarpine Eye Drops
Products Apraclonidine is commercially available in the form of eye drops (iopidine). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Apraclonidine (C9H10Cl2N4, Mr = 245.1 g/mol) is an amino derivative of clonidine. It is present in the drug as apraclonidine hydrochloride, a white powder that is highly soluble in water. Effects … Apraclonidine
Products Fluorometholone is commercially available in the form of eye drops (FML Liquifilm). A fixed combination with neomycin (FML-Neo Liquifilm) is also available. Fluorometholone has been approved in many countries since 1973. Structure and properties Fluorometholone (C22H29FO4, Mr = 376.5 g/mol) is a fluorinated and lipophilic glucocorticoid structurally related to progesterone. It is present in … Fluorometholone
Products Dorzolamide is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Trusopt). Fixed combinations with timolol (Cosopt) and generics are also available. Dorzolamide has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Dorzolamide (C10H16N2O4S3, Mr = 324.4 g/mol) is a sulfonamide. It is present in drugs as dorzolamide hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder … Dorzolamide
Products No medicines containing dipivefrin are registered in many countries. Eye drops are available in other countries. Structure and properties Dipivefrin (C19H29NO5, Mr = 351.4 g/mol) is an ester prodrug of epinephrine with two molecules of pivalic acid. It is present in the drug as dipivefrin hydrochloride. Effects Dipivefrin (ATC S01EA02) lowers intraocular pressure. Because … Dipivefrin
Products Betaxolol is commercially available in the form of eye drops (Betoptic S). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. Structure and properties Betaxolol is present in drugs as betaxolol hydrochloride and racemate (C18H30ClNO3, Mr = 343.9 g/mol), a white crystalline powder that is very soluble in water. The enantiomer levobetaxolol is also … Betaxolol
