Products Beta-blockers are available in many countries in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, sustained-release tablets, as capsules, solution, eye drops, and as injection and infusion solutions. Propranolol (Inderal) was the first representative of this group to appear on the market in the mid-1960s. Today, the most important active ingredients include atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol and … Beta Blocker Effects and Side Effects
Products Inhalation anesthetics are commercially available as volatile liquids or as gases for inhalation. Structure and properties Most inhalation anesthetics are halogenated ethers or hydrocarbons. Also used are inorganic compounds such as the gaseous nitrous oxide. The halogenated representatives exist as volatile liquids with a different boiling point. Because of their odor and irritant properties, … Inhalation Anesthetics
Effects Glucocorticoids (ATC R03BA02) have anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and immunosuppressive properties. The effects are based on binding to intracellular receptors, resulting in an influence on protein expression. In addition, glucocorticoids also exert extragenomic effects. All agents are lipophilic (virtually insoluble in water) and thus enter cells well across the cell membrane. Indications For the treatment of … Inhaled Glucocorticoids
Products For ALS treatment, edaravone was approved in Japan in 2015 (Radicut) and in the United States in 2017 as an infusion product (Radicava). In the EU, edaravone has orphan drug status. In many countries, the drug has been registered since 2019. Structure and properties Edaravone (C10H10N2O, Mr = 174.2 g/mol) is a substituted 2-pyrazolin-5-one. … Edaravon
Products Linezolid is commercially available as an infusion solution, in the form of film-coated tablets, and as granules for preparation of a suspension (Zyvoxid, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2001. Structure and properties Linezolid (C16H20FN3O4, Mr = 337.3 g/mol) was the first agent developed from the oxazolidinone group. It is structurally … Linezolid
Products Prasugrel is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Efient). It was approved in many countries, in the EU and in the US in 2009. Generic versions were registered in 2019. Structure and properties Prasugrel (C20H20FNO3S, Mr = 373.4 g/mol) belongs to the group of thienopyridines and exists as a hydrochloride as a … Prasugrel
Products Gemfibrozil is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Gevilon, Gevilon Uno). It has been approved in many countries since 1985. Structure and properties Gemfibrozil (C15H22O3, Mr = 250.3 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Gemfibrozil (ATC C10AB04) has lipid-lowering properties. It lowers VLDL, triglycerides, total … Gemfibrozil
Products Favipiravir is approved in Japan in the form of film-coated tablets (Avigan). Structure and properties Favipiravir (C5H4FN3O2, Mr = 157.1 g/mol) is a fluorinated pyrazine carboxamide derivative. It is a prodrug that is biotransformed in cells to the active metabolite favipiravir-RTP (favipiravir-ribofuranosyl-5′-triphosphate), a purine nucleotide analog. Favipiravir exists as a white to slightly yellow … Favipiravir
Products Orexin receptor antagonists are commercially available in tablet form. The first agent in this group to be approved in the United States was suvorexant (Belsomra) in 2014. Lemborexant (Dayvigo) followed in 2019. Structure and properties Orexin receptor antagonists are characterized by a central ring structure to which heterocycles are attached on both sides. Effects … Orexin Receptor Antagonists
Products Peginterferon beta-1a is commercially available as a solution for injection in a prefilled syringe (Plegridy). It was approved in many countries in 2015. Structure and properties Peginterferon beta-1a is a covalent conjugate of interferon beta-1a (Rebif) and methoxypolyethylene glycol with methylpropionaldehyde as a linker. Effects Peginterferon beta-1a (ATC L03AB13) has antiviral, antiproliferative, antitumor, and … Peginterferon Beta-1A
Products In many countries, there are currently no medicines approved that contain only cannabidiol. However, the active ingredient is a component of the cannabis oral spray Sativex, which is registered as a drug for MS treatment in many countries and also contains THC. The oral solution Epidiolex or Epidyolex was approved as a drug in … Cannabidiol
Products Gliptins are commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets. Sitagliptin (Januvia) was the first representative to be approved in the United States in 2006. Today, various active ingredients and combination products are commercially available (see below). They are also called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Structure and properties Some gliptins have a proline-like structure because … Gliptine
