Products Endothelin receptor antagonists are commercially available in the form of film-coated and dispersible tablets. The first agent in this group to be approved was bosentan (Tracleer) in the United States in 2001 and in the EU and Switzerland in 2002. Effects Antivasoconstrictive Reduce pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance Higher blood flow volume without increasing … Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
Products Hydrocortisone butyrate is commercially available as emulsion and cream (Locoid). It has been approved in many countries since 1973. Structure and properties Hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (C25H36O6, Mr = 432.6 g/mol) is an esterified, nonhalogenated glucocorticoid. It is a derivative of endogenous hydrocortisone. Effects Hydrocortisone butyrate (ATC D07AB02) has anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, immunosuppressive, and antipruritic properties. The effects … Hydrocortisone Butyrate
Products Penfluridol is no longer available as a drug in many countries. Semap tablets are out of commerce. Structure and properties Penfluridol (C28H27ClF5NO, Mr = 523.96 g/mol) is a diphenylbutylpiperidine. Effects Penfluridol (ATC N05AG03) is potent antidopaminergic, antiemetic, and potent antipsychotic against hallucinations and delusions. It has minimal activity at the 5-HT2 receptor (antiserotonergic) and … Penfluridol
Products mRNA vaccines are commercially available as injectables. The first in this group to be approved in many countries was BNT162b2 from BioNTech and Pfizer on December 19, 2020. Moderna’s mRNA-1273 is also an mRNA vaccine. It was released in the EU on January 6, 2021. Both are covid-19 vaccines. Structure and properties mRNA (short … MRNA Vaccines
Products Andexanet alfa was approved in the United States in 2018, in the EU in 2019, and in many countries in 2020 as a powder for the preparation of an infusion solution (Ondexxya). Structure and properties Andexanet alfa is a recombinant, modified, and enzymatically inactive factor Xa. The drug is produced by biotechnological methods. Effects … Andexanet Alfa
Effects Glitazars combine the lipid-lowering effects of fibrates (lower triglycerides and LDL, increase HDL) with the antidiabetic effect of glitazones, which increase tissue sensitivity to insulin. Mechanism of action Glitazars have a dual mechanism of action. On the one hand, they activate the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha, the drug target of fibrates, and on the other … Glitazare
Products Isradipine is commercially available in capsule form (Lomir SRO). It has been approved in many countries since 1991. Structure and properties Isradipine (C19H21N3O5, Mr = 371.4 g/mol) is a racemate. It exists as a yellow crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. Effects Isradipine (ATC C08CA03) has antihypertensive properties. Its effects are due … Isradipine
Products Varenicline is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Champix, in some countries: Chantix). It has been approved in many countries since 2006 and has been reimbursable under certain conditions since July 1, 2013. Full reimbursement details can be found in the Specialty List under Limitations. Structure and properties Varenicline (C13H13N3, Mr = … Varenicline
Products Glycerol (synonym: glycerol) is contained in numerous drugs as a pharmaceutical excipient. As an active ingredient, it is mainly used as a laxative in the form of suppositories or as an enema (e.g., Bulboid). Structure and properties Glycerol or propane-1,2,3-triol (C3H8O3, Mr = 92.1 g/mol) is a colorless, clear, fatty-feeling, syrupy, very hygroscopic liquid … Glycerol
Products Clopamide was commercially available in tablet form and exclusively in combination with other agents (Brinerdin, Viskaldix, off label). Structure and properties Clopamide (C14H20ClN3O3S, Mr = 345.8 g/mol) is a sulfonamide derivative. Effects Clopamide (ATC C03BA03) has diuretic and antihypertensive properties. It promotes excretion of water and sodium by inhibiting reabsorption. Indications In combination preparations: … Clopamide
Products Carbonic acid is present in very small quantities in, for example, mineral water (sparkling water) and sodas. Structure and properties Carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 , M r = 62.0 g/mol) is a weak, biprotonic acid that is counted among the inorganic compounds despite the carbon atom. It is very unstable in the … Carbonic Acid
Products Calcium acetate is commercially available in the form of capsules and tablets in various strengths (Calcium Acetate Phosphate Binder Bichsel, Calcium Acetate Salmon Pharma, AcetaPhos, Renacet). It has been approved in many countries since 1992. Structure and properties Calcium acetate exists as calcium diacetate (C4H6CaO4, Mr = 158.2 g/mol), a white, hygroscopic powder that … Calcium Acetate
