Products Zuclopenthixol is commercially available in the form of dragées, as drops, and as a solution for injection (Clopixol). It has been approved in many countries since 1977. Structure and properties Zuclopenthixol (C22H25ClN2OS, Mr = 400.7 g/mol) is present in drugs as zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride, zuclopenthixol acetate, or zuclopenthixol decanoate. Zuclopenthixol decanoate is a yellow, viscous, … Zuclopenthixol
Effects Oxazolidinones have antibacterial activity against aerobic Gram-positive bacteria and anaerobic microorganisms. They bind to bacterial ribosomes and prevent the formation of a functional 70S initiation complex, and thus an essential step during the translation process. Indications For the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. Active ingredients Linezolid (Zyvoxide) Tedizolid (Sivextro)
Structure and properties Benzethonium chloride (C27H42ClNO2, Mr = 448.1 g/mol) is a white to yellowish white powder that is very soluble in water. The aqueous solution foams strongly when shaken. Effects Benzethonium chloride (ATC R02AA09, ATC D08AJ58) has antiseptic, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. Indications For local disinfection, such as infections and inflammations of the … Benzethonium Chloride
Products Benzocaine is commercially available as a paste. Structure and properties Benzocaine (C9H11NO2, Mr = 165.2 g/mol) is a white crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. Effects Benzocaine (ATC C05AD03, ATC D04AB04, ATC N01BA05, ATC R02AD01) has local anesthetic properties. Indications Benzocaine is rarely used today because of adverse effects.
Products Ambrisentan is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Volibris). It has been approved in many countries since 2008. Generic versions were registered in 2020. Structure and properties Ambrisentan (C22H22N2O4, Mr = 378.4 g/mol) is a dimethylpyrimidine, diphenyl and propionic acid derivative and exists as a white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble … Ambrisentan
Genome editing With the CRISPR-Cas9 system, it has become possible to modify the genome of any organism – for example, a bacterium, an animal, a plant or that of a human being – in a targeted and precise manner. In this context, one also speaks of genome editing and genome surgery. The method was first … CRISPR-Cas9
Products Methylprednisolone aceponate has been approved in many countries since 1991 and is commercially available as cream, ointment, and fatty ointment (Advantan). Structure and properties Methylprednisolone aceponate (C27H36O7, Mr = 472.6 g/mol) is a lipophilic and nonhalogenated glucocorticoid that is hydrolyzed in the skin by esterases to the active metabolite 6α-methylprednisolone-17-propionate. Effects Methylprednisolone aceponate (ATC … Methylprednisolone Aceponate
Effects Fibrates (ATC C10AB) have lipid-lowering properties. They primarily lower elevated blood triglyceride levels and have a moderate effect on LDL cholesterol and slightly increase HDL. The effects are due to activation of nuclear receptors PPAR (mainly PPARα). Indications Blood lipid disorders, especially hypertriglyceridemia. Agents Bezafibrate (Cedur retard) Fenofibrate (Lipanthyl) Fenofibric acid (Trilipix) Gemfibrozil (Gevilon) … Fibrate
Products Thrombin inhibitors are commercially available in many countries in the form of infusion preparations and as capsules. The first oral thrombin inhibitor to be launched was ximelagatran (Exanta) in 2003. Due to its liver toxicity, sales had to be discontinued. Currently, the most widely used oral and direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran (Pradaxa), was approved … Thrombin Inhibitors
Products Adalimumab is commercially available as a solution for injection (Humira). It was approved in the United States in 2002 and in many countries and the EU in 2003. Biosimilars are available in many countries. Structure and properties Adalimumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha. It is composed of 1330 amino acids and … Adalimumab Effects and Side Effects
Products Amitriptyline is commercially available as film-coated tablets and capsules (Saroten, limbitrol + chlordiazepoxide). It has been approved in many countries since 1961. The distribution of tryptizole was discontinued in 2012. Structure and properties Amitriptyline (C20H23N, Mr = 277.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as amitriptyline hydrochloride, a white powder or colorless crystals that are … Amitriptyline: Tricyclic Antidepressant
Products Belatacept was approved in many countries in 2011 as a powder for the preparation of an infusion solution concentrate (Nulojix). Structure and properties Belatacept is a soluble fusion protein consisting of a modified extracellular domain of human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and a fragment of the Fc domain of a human IgG1 antibody. … Belatacept
