The medical history represents an important component in the diagnosis of emesis (vomiting). Family history What is the general health of your family members? Are there any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in your family that are common? Social history Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to your family situation? Current … Vomiting (Emesis): Medical History
Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Acute glaucoma (glaucoma attack). Respiratory system (J00-J99) Upper respiratory tract infection (in children; especially with a severe cough). Pneumonia (pneumonia) Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Diabetes mellitus (diabetes). Diabetic coma Fructose intolerance (fruit sugar intolerance) Hyperglycemia (hyperglycemia) Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) Hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism) Ketoacidosis – shift of acids and bases in … Vomiting (Emesis): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by vomiting (emesis): Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Malnutrition due to anorexia (loss of appetite) and decreased food intake. Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93). Gastric ulcers – ulcers of the stomach. Acid damage to tooth enamel … Vomiting (Emesis): Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin, mucous membranes and eyes including sclerae (white part of the eye) [red eye/visual disturbances (glaucoma)]. Abdomen (abdomen): Shape of the abdomen? Skin color? Skin texture? … Vomiting (Emesis): Examination
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketone, urobilinogen, bilirubin, blood), sediment, if necessary urine culture (pathogen detection and resistogram, that is, testing suitable antibiotics for sensitivity / … Vomiting (Emesis): Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic target Elimination of symptomatology Therapy recommendations Symptomatic therapy with antiemetics (drugs for nausea and vomiting): Kinetoses (motion sickness): Scopolamine (anticholinergics), by means of transdermal therapeutic system or dimenhydrinate (antihistamines). Domperidone (dopamine antagonists). Prophylaxis of cytostatic drug-induced nausea and vomiting (synonym: chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, CINE), postoperative nausea/vomiting: Serotonin antagonists (synonym: 5-HT receptor antagonists; setrons), … Vomiting (Emesis): Drug Therapy
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD; endoscopy of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) with biopsies (sampling) from all suspicious lesions; in Barrett’s esophagus, additional 4-quadrant biopsies – for recurrent vomiting; for suspected reflux (gastroesophageal reflux disease; heartburn), duodenal ulcer, ventricular ulcer, or gastric carcinoma. Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, … Vomiting (Emesis): Diagnostic Tests
A symptom of deficiency may indicate that there is an insufficient supply of vital nutrients (micronutrients). The complaint vomiting indicates a deficiency of vital nutrients for: Vitamin B3 Vitamin B5 A risk group indicates the possibility that the disease may be associated with the risk of vital substance deficiency. The complaint vomiting indicates a vital … Vomiting (Emesis): Micronutrient Therapy
Depending on the cause of vomiting, surgery may be performed. This is especially the case with tumor disease or other disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
To prevent vomiting (emesis), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Spoiled food Pleasure food consumption Alcohol – excessive alcohol consumption Psycho-social situation Psychogenic nausea – caused by psychological stress. Environmental stress – intoxications Alcohol intoxication
The following symptoms and complaints may occur together with vomiting (emesis): Leading symptom Vomiting (= retrograde emptying of the stomach). Accompanying symptoms Nausea Headache Dizziness Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINE) This is divided into three phases Acute-onset CINE: onset of nausea and/or vomiting within the first 24 h after administration of a chemotherapeutic agent; often … Vomiting (Emesis): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Therapy for vomiting (emesis) depends on the cause. General measures Herbal remedies that have proven effective for vomiting include fennel, ginger, chamomile, peppermint and caraway, in the form of tea or as a spice In the occurrence of fever: Bed rest and physical rest (even if fever is only mild; if limb pain and lassitude … Vomiting (Emesis): Therapy
