Respiratory System (J00-J99)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Pulmonary fibrosis – connective tissue-scarring remodeling of the lung tissue.
- Pulmonary edema (accumulation of water in the lungs)
- Pneumothorax – accumulation of air next to the lungs; usually an acute event, depending on the severity life-threatening clinical picture.
- Pneumonia (pneumonia)
- Sleep apnea syndrome – breathing pauses during sleep.
Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90).
- Anemia (anemia)
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Electrolyte disorders (disorders of blood salts).
- Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism)
- Malnutrition
- Graves’ disease – form of hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) caused by an autoimmune disease.
- Conn’s disease – form of primary hyperaldosteronism.
Factors influencing health status and leading to health care utilization (Z00-Z99).
- Allergies
Cardiovascular system (I00-I99)
- Aortic valve insufficiency – defective closure of the aortic valve of the heart.
- Atrial tachycardia (AT; tachycardia originating in the atrium).
- Atrial flutter – Atrial macro-reentry tachycardia based on regular and uniform atrial activation with identical P or flutter wave morphology (usually with absence of a regular isoelectric line).
- Atrial fibrillation – transient (paroxysmal or intermittent) or permanent (permanent) cardiac arrhythmia with disordered activity of the atria.
- Atrioventricular reentry tachycardia.
- Cor pulmonale – right heart strain due to pulmonary disease.
- Extrasystoles – heartbeat that occurs outside the normal heart rhythm.
- Endocarditis (inflammation of the inner lining of the heart).
- Heart failure (cardiac insufficiency)
- Hyperkinetic heart syndrome – hyperdynamic circulatory disorder (= functional heart complaints); symptom complex of tachycardia (rapid pulse), high blood pressure, decreased performance and unsystematic dizziness.
- Hypotension – too low blood pressure
- Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IAST) – pathological acceleration of normotopic automatic function without organic or drug cause; resting rate is > 100 beats/min and mean heart rate on 24-hour ECG is > 90 beats/min.Diagnostic criteria include:
- Persistent (sustained) sinus tachycardia with a rate of > 100 beats/min during the day with a marked overshooting increase with physical activity and nocturnal rate normalization.
- P-wave morphology of tachycardia and endocardial activation are identical to those in sinus rhythm
- Tachycardia and symptoms do not occur in a seizure-like fashion
- Secondary genesis such as heart failure (cardiac insufficiency), hyperthyroidism, (hyperthyroidism). Pheochromocytoma (catecholamine-producing tumor of the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (85% of cases) or sympathetic ganglia), sepsis (blood poisoning) or lack of training is excluded.
- Mitral valve regurgitation – defective closure of the mitral valve of the heart.
- Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
- Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle)
- Pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium)
- Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) ((lat. ) posture = affecting the posture of the body; synonyms: postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome or orthostatic intolerance) – particular form of orthostatic dysregulation in which there is no drop in blood pressure when changing to the upright position; increase in heart rate of at least 30 beats/min within 10 minutes of being upright or to at least 120 beats/min absolute and no pathological drop in blood pressure (systolic drop not more than by 20 mmHg and diastolic drop not more than by 10 mmHg); Occurrence: Women (80% of cases), esp. younger women; age between 15 and 50 years; spontaneous recovery in about 50% of patients within one year.
- Ventricular tachycardia – life-threatening arrhythmia from the ventricle.
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Infectious and parasitic diseases, without specifying the disease.
Liver, gallbladder and bile ducts – pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87).
- Hepatic insufficiency (liver weakness/liver failure).
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Pheochromocytoma – usually benign (benign) tumor (about 90% of cases), which originates mainly from the adrenal gland and can lead to hypertensive crisis (hypertensive crisis).
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Anxieties
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99)
- Fever
Medication
- Adrenergics (epinephrine, dipivefrin).
- Alpha-sympatholytics (phenoxybenzamine).
- Alpha-sympathomimetics (alfuzosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin, terazosin).
- Anesthetics (esketamine)
- Analgesics
- Coxibe (celecoxib, parecoxib)
- Antiarrhythmics
- Class 1a antiarrhythmics (quinidine).
- Class III antiarrhythmics (sotalol).
- Antihistamines (azelastine, cetirizine, clemastine, desloratardine, dimetindene, loratardine, terfenadine).
- Antimalarials (quinine).
- Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) – clozapine/ esp. in elderly patients, haloperidol.
- Betamimetics (synonyms: β2-sympathomimetics, also β2-adrenoceptor agonists) – fenoterol, formoterol, hexoprenaline, ritodrine, salbutamol, salmeterol, terbutaline [in mother and child].
- Calcium antagonists (calcium channel blockers).
- Dihydropyridines (nifedipine type) – amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, lercandipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine).
- Calcium sensitizer (levosimendan).
- Hormones
- Catecholamines (epinephrine (adrenaline), dopamine, dobutamine, norepinephrine).
- Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil)
- Thyroid hormones (L-thyroxine (T4))
- Methylxanthines (theophylline)
- Muscle relaxants (tizanidine)
- Nitrates (glycerol trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, nitroprusside sodium).
- Parasympathetic drugs (atropine, ipratropium bromide, methanthelinium bromide).
- Psychotropic substances such as modafinil.
- Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil).
- Rheologics (pentoxifylline).
- X-ray contrast agent (as an immediate response).
- Spasmolytics (butylscopolamine)
- Sympathomimetics
- Etilefrine, metaraminol, norephedrine, norepinephrine, oxilofrine.
- Β-Adrenoceptor agonist (isoprenaline/isoproterenol.
- SS1-/ß2-sympathomimetics (orciprenaline)
- Β2-sympathomimetics (clenbuterol)
- Indirect sympathomimetics (amphetamine, methylphenidate).
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (vandetanib) [QTc time; ventricular tachycardia]
- Tocolytics (fenoterol)
- Vasodilators (diazoxide)
Further
